英语语态的种类：即主动语态和被动语态，形成被动语态的一定是及物动词。

1． 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时， 谓语的形式叫主动语态。

I did the work.

2． 句子的主语是动作承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动作语态。

The work was done by me.

难点分享：不及物动词只有主动语态，无被动语态。

• 主动语态：I lay on the bed. 变被动：On the bed was laid by me （错）

• 老师讲解：lay是不及物动词lie“躺”的过去式。

• 主动语态：I laid a book on the desk. 变被动：A book was laid on the desk by me（对）

• 老师讲解：laid是及物动词lay的过去式“放置”

3． 被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词构成，时态通过be 表现出来。

be的演变史：am, is ,are/was ,were/ will be,shall be（音频中口误说成了should be） /am,is,are going to be/ is ,are being /was ,were being /have ,has been/ had been /will have been/would be/+done.

主动语态变被动的方式：原句的宾语作主语，后面接我上面的这些“be 的各种演变结构”即可。

主动：Everyone loves shenshen. 变被动：Shenshen is loved by everyone.

主动：The tiger stared at shenshen .变被动：Shenshen was stared at by the tiger.

主动：I took care of my baby. 变被动：My babe was taken care of by me.

注意事项：主动变被动的时候，时态一定要一致，同时注意主语和谓语单复数一致。

下面例句，供大家模仿练习。

1） 一般现在时：You are required to do this.

2） 一般过去时：The story was told by her.

3） 一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

4） 现在进行时：The road is being widened.

5） 过去进行时：The new tool was being made.

6） 现在完成时：The novel has been read.

7） 过去完成时：He said that the work had been finished.

8） 过去将来时：He said that the trees would be planted soon.

9）将来完成时：The task will have been finished by the end of next month.

如果你是初学者熟练掌握上面用法就很棒了，如果你想深入学习被动语态应付各种考试，搞定各种疑难杂症，

那么，你需要在掌握以上这些内容之后，进行深入学习。

补充内容，被动结构难点：

1） 带情态动词的被动结构：The problem must be solved soon.

2） 带不定式的被动结构：The homework needs to be done with care.

3) 短语动词的被动：

a.（不及物）动词+介词：

若这类短语动词是及物性的，则可用于被动语态中，如：laugh at, look after, talk about, think of 等。

若这类短语动词是不及物性的则不可用于被动语态中，如：book up, look down. 等

b.（及物）动词+副词：bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等

c. 动词+副词 +介词：do away with, face up to, give into ,look down upon, make up with等

d. 动词+名词+介词：catch sight of, keep on eye on, make a fool of , pay attention to , put an end to , set fire/light to , take notice of 等

4) 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。

We always keep the classroom clean.(比较：The classroom is always kept clean.)

5)主动形式表示被动意义的词。

常见的有：

a.主动形式，这时动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。

The children need looking after.

The windows wants /requires repairing.

This point deserves mentioning.

b.有些及物动词后须加副词 （如：well, easily等）， 有些可不加，

如：act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, strike, wash, write 等。

The cloth washes/ sells well.

The door won’t shut. The play won’t act.

c. 形容词worth后直接加动名词时，

如：The book is worth reading twice.

某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。The fish is not fit to eat.

d. 某些感官动词（如：feel, look, prove, smell , sound, taste, wear等） 与形容词连用时：

The water feels very cold.

The dish tastes delicious.

6) 以下动词构成的句子不能改为被动句：

a. 动词leave, enter, reach 等的宾语是表示处所、地点（国家、团体，组织、军队）等。

b. 表示状态的动词，如：become, benefit, cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, mean, suit, look like等。

c. 下列不及物动词及短语：appear, belong to , break out, die, happen, lie, occur, rise, take place, agree with, belong to, consist of , have on, keep up with 及一些固定词组，如 keep words, lose heart, make a face等。

d. 宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源代词，不定式，动名词，抽象名词等。

7）汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。

如：

It is said that…　据说

It is reported that… 据报道

It is believed that…　大家相信

It is hoped that…　大家希望

It is well known that… 众所周知

It is thought that…　大家认为

It is suggested that…　据建议

It is taken granted that…　被视为当然

It has been decided that… 大家决定

It must be remembered that…务必记住的是

It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.