高考英语之虚拟语气形式与功用解析

虚拟语气高考是必考常考内容，要想冲刺211或985大学，怎能不好好掌握虚拟语气？如果作文中你能正确嘚瑟一两句虚拟语气，自然会迷住阅卷老师的眼睛的，那么作文冲一个档次得分还不是毛毛雨的事情吗？下面请看：

1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ， if+主语+did/be(were)+其他

1）.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。(事实：我不可能是你)

2）.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。(事实：不知道)

3）.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)

4）.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。(事实：没带钱)

5）.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。(事实：学习不用功)

2、表示与过去事实相反的情况

主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他+ 　， if+主语+had done +其他

1). If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。(事实：去晚了)

2).If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实：没有听我的话)

3、表示对将来情况的主观推测　(可能相反或可能性很小)

主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他，if+主语+did/should/were to do+其他

1).If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 (事实：来的可能性很小)

2).If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实：不知能否下雪)

3).If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

4、在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，"should+动词原形"构成，should 可省略。

有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.

5、虚拟语气的其他用法

　1）、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句

与..事实相反 过去 Had done 现在 Were/did 将来 Would

备注：可转换为其他形式。

例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [过去]

I wish I were a bird.

I wish he handn done that.

I wish I would be rich in the future.

a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式

I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)

b、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done(动词过去分词)

I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实：原来不知道)

c、表示将来难以实现的愿望

谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形

I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实：很难再有这样的机会了)

(注：if only和even if也有相同用法)

2）、虚拟语气用在一想要(desire)一宁愿(prefer)二命令(order. command) 三建议(advise. suggest. propose) 五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。

如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

注：insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气，翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。

如：He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。

He insisted that he didn’t kill the man.他坚持说他没有杀那个男人。

这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。

suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。

如： His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。

这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。

　3）、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。

句型：It is.......that 结构后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型。

4）、should结构

从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。

例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.

注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。

例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him. He insisted that he was honest.

5）、would rather +从句

在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。

例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.

大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.

6）、主语从句中的虚拟语气

1)It be + 形容词 + that ...(should)...

用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising . 一些名词也可以用于 在该结构中。如：a pity， no wonder....

2)It be + 过去分词 + that ...(should)....

用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired， suggested， requested， ordered， proposed等。

3)It is time(about time， high time)that ...(过去式动词形式或should+动词原形)....

It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.

7）、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同 位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should+原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省 略。

例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.

What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?

　8）、 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用.

A) 在wish, suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, recommend, require, decide, insist, desire, urge等动词的宾语从句以及would rather /sooner 后要用 “ (should) +动词原形” 来表示愿望,建议, 命令,要求等; 由上述动词派生或转化的名词suggestion, proposal, plan, motion, recommendation, demand, order, desire, request, requirement, insistence, advice, decision , obligatory 义不容辞的, 必须的 等的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式.

B) 在It is/was + 某些形容词 + that 从句的句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即 “should + 动词原形” 这些形容词有:

important, necessary, essential, imperative, natural, strange, advisable, desirable, possible, probable, astonishing, surprising, desired, suggested, requested, recommended, ordered, proposed, decided, moved等.

“ should + 动词原形(或完成形式)” 可表示惊奇,遗憾,怀疑,不满等.

ⅰ. 用于expect, believe, think, suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中.

Eg. I never expected that the new apartment should be so small.

ⅱ. 用于 “It is a pity, it is a shame, it is no wonder 等 + that” 等结构后的主语从句中.

Eg. It is a pity that he should be so careless.

C) 在由for fear that, in case, lest 等引导的状语从句中,用 “ should + 动词原形” 表示 “惟恐”的意思.Eg. He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.

D) 在 “ It is (about/ high ) time + that (从句)” 中,谓语动词常用过去式表表示虚拟语气.

Eg. It is high time that people learnt English.

E) 在 “as if/ as though” 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词与wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同Eg. He works with such enthusiasm as if he never knew fatigue.

He speaks English as though he were an American. 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。

F) 在 look, seem等动词后的 “as if / as though”从句中,当表示真实情况时,用陈述语气; 否则,用虚拟语气.Eg. It seems as if they know each other. (真实情况)

It seems as though it were already spring. (虚拟语气)

G) 用在if only 引起的感叹句中.

Eg. If only the driver didn’t drive so fast!

Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.