动词不定式
( 1)作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
( 2)作宾语
They began to read.
( 3)作宾语补足语
Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.
We often heard her sing.
( 4)作定语
I have an important meeting to attend.
( 5)作状语
She went to see her grandma yesterday.
( 6)用在how, when, where, what, which等之后
I don’t know how to use a computer.
Do you know when to start?
He didn’t know what to do next.
句子种类
（1)陈述句 ( 肯定式和否定式)
（2)疑问句 ( 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)
（3)祈使句 ( 肯定式和否定式)
（4)感叹句
句子成份
1)主语
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
2)谓语
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
3)表语
Her sister is a nurse.
It’s me. I’m ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
4)宾语
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
5)直接宾语和间接宾语
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
6)宾语补足语
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
7)定语
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
8)状语
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
简单句的五种基本句型
第一种 主语＋连系动词＋表语 ( S＋V＋P)
The bike is new.
The map is on the wall.
第二种 主语＋不及物动词 ( S＋V)
He swims.
第三种 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 ( S＋V＋O)
Children often sing this song.
第四种 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ( S＋V＋IO＋DO)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
第五种 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ( S＋V＋O＋C)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
并列句
He likes maths, but he needs help.
I help him and he helps me.
1.复合句
宾语从句
He said ( that) he felt sick.
I don’t know whether ( if) she still works in the factory. I take back what I said.
I can’t tell who is there.
Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?
状语从句
The train had left when I got to the station.
I’ll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I’m free.
The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help. The earth is bigger than the moon.He was so tired that he couldn’t walk on.
定语从句
Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.
Show me the picture that you like best.
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