中考英语常考代词易错点解析以及名师提分策略

代词易错清单

1. this和that

打电话时,介绍自己时,要用“This is+某人”这个句型。在形容词比较等级中,常用that,不用this。如:

—Is that Ma Lin speaking? ——你是马玲吗?

—Yes. This is Ma Lin speaking. ——是的,我是。这是打电话用语。询问对方是谁时,不能说“Are you...?”,应该说“Is that...speaking?”。应答时不能说“I am...”,应该说“This is...speaking.”或“speaking”。

His pronunciation is better than that of his teacher.

他的发音比他的老师好。

2. one,that,it

one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个。 如:

I can't find my mobile phone. I think I must buy one.

我找不到我的手机了。我想我该去买一个。(不定)

The MP5 you bought is bigger than that I bought.

你买的那个MP5比我买的大。(同类但不同个)

I can't find my key. I don't know where I put it.

我找不到我的钥匙。我不知道我把它放在哪了。(同一物)

3. few,a few,little,a little

　　如:He has a few friends here.他在这儿有一些朋友。

It was freezing cold outside. There were few people in the streets.天气非常冷,街上几乎没有人。

He has a little money but not enough to buy that dictionary.

他有点钱但不够买那本词典的。

Hurry up! There is little time left.

快点!没多少时间了。

4. both,all,either,any,neither,none

　　如:Both of them are my good friends.

他们俩都是我的好朋友。如:

She bought two toys,but neither can please the child.

她买了两个玩具,却没有一个能让小孩高兴。

—Do you like the two books?——你喜欢这两本书吗?

—No,I don't like either. ——不,哪一本我都不喜欢。

5. other,the other,others,the others,another

如:The bookshop is on the other side of the street.

书店在街道的另一边。

There are other ways to do this exercise.

做这个练习还可用别的方法。

Some are planting trees,others are watering them.

一些人正在种树,一些人正在浇水。

There are forty-six students in our class. Two of them are foreigners, the others are all Chinese.

我们班共有46个学生,其中两个是外国人,其他的都是中国人。

This pen is too expensive. Please show me another.

这支钢笔太贵了,请另拿一支给我。

提分策略

　　同学们在答题时,首先要理解句意,找到句中的关键信息,再根据代词的区别进行判断。具体做法是:

1. 明确指代。

在解答代词题目时,我们应首先分析前后文,明确代词所指代的对象,从而避免误判。具体说来,可从这几个方面考虑:

(1)代词指代的是人还是物。

(2)代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词。

(3)明确是特指还是泛指概念。

(4)代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上。

(5)代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。

【例1】　(2014·山东滨州·22)—Do you know the girl is talking with our teacher?

—Oh,she is my sister.

A. who B. whose

C. whom D. where

【解析】　该句是多重复合句。宾语从句中带有定语从句。先行词指人,在从句中作主语,应该用主格代词。故选A。

【答案】　 A

【例2】　(2014·湖北黄冈·34)—In a text message,88 means Bye-bye.

—And another example is F2F stands for face to face.

A. that B. who

C. whom D. it

【解析】　考查代词在语境中的辨析用法。应答句是定语从句,关系代词指物,在从句作主语,所以排除A、B两项。代词it不能用作关系代词,也不符合题意。故选A。

【答案】　 A

2. 理清逻辑。

有些中考英语代词试题需要通过分析题干中所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能选出正确答案。具体说来可从两方面考虑:一是代词所表示的范围。二是代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。如:

【例1】　(2014· 贵州铜仁·34)In our school,students like English, but of them can speak English smoothly.

A. a little; a few B. a few; few

C. a few; little D. a little; few

【解析】　考查不定代词用法。该句是并列句,第一分句的句子主语是复数名词,应该a few来修饰;因为表示转折,第二分句的主语应该表示否定,即几乎没有,应该用不定代词few。故选D。句意:我们学校有几个学生喜欢英语,但是他们中几乎没有人能流利地讲英语。

【答案】　B

【例2】　(2012·山东临沂·28)I asked two people the way to the station, but of them could help me.

A. both B. neither

C. either D. all

【解析】　考查代词用法。根据句意“我问了两个人去车站的路,但是没有一个能帮助我。”neither “两者都不”故选B。

【答案】　B

3. 吃透语境。

有些中考试题考查的是代词在具体语境中的灵活运用,这样的题目须分析具体的语境才能选出正确答案,切忌死抠语法。如:

【例1】　(2014·广东广州·16)—Would you like tea or coffee?

—,thanks! I'd prefer a coke.

A. Both B. Neither

C. All D. Some

【解析】　考查不定代词在语境中的辨析用法。疑问句是询问对方是需要喝茶还是咖啡,根据应答句后面一句判断,该句应该作否定回答。所以用否定意义的不定代词Neither。故选B。

【答案】　 B

【例2】　(2014·山东菏泽·2)We decide to make a rule for us room-mates to turn off the lights at 10:30 p.m..

A. that B. this

C. it D. one

【解析】　考查代词在语境中的辨析用法。句中的make是使动词,对我们室友来说,成为规矩的是10点半关灯,应该用“it”来代替后面的不定式。故选C。

【答案】　 C

专项训练

1. (2014·蒙古赤峰·44)—How did you get the MP4,from a shop or by phone?

—. I always like shopping online.

A. None B. Neither

C. Both D. All

2. (2014·江苏东台·7)—What did you do yesterday?

—My brother took two friends of to play chess with us. But I don't know of them.

A. his;all B. him;both

C. his;either D. him;neither

3. (2014·浙江金华·18)—Jim,if you have to do,what about helping me in the garden?

—OK,Mum.

A. something B. anything

C. nothing D. everything

4. (2013·河南)—What else do you want?

—else. I think I have got all the things ready.

A. Something B. Everything

C. Nothing D. Anything

5. (2013·浙江杭州)—Which would you like,tea or coffee?

—is OK. I really don't mind.

A. Both B. Either

C. None D. Neither

6. (2013·广东汕头)—Mr Chen is good at dancing. Who taught him?

—No one. He learnt it by .

A. he B. his

C. himself D. herself

7. (2013·河北)This isn't my dictionary. I left at home.

A. my B. mine

C. I D. me

8. (2013·安徽)If your friend said about you,you could keep silent.

A. something bad B. bad something

C. good something D. better something

9. (2013·江苏南京)She has written a lot of books,but are good ones.

A. any B. some

C. few D. many

10. (2013·江西)—Where is my notebook?

—I don't know. It isn't here. Maybe took it away by mistake.

A. everybody B. nobody

C. anybody D. somebody

参考答案与解析

1. B　【解析】考查代词词义辨析。疑问句是询问对方如何得到MP3的,提供两种情况,该句应答句判断,两者都不是,所以排除A、C、D三项。故选B。

2. C　【解析】考查代词的用法。名词+介词+of结构中,of之后应该跟名词性物主代词,所以排除B、D两项。A项指三者以上,不符合题意。故选C。

3. C　【解析】考查代词的用法。句意为:——吉姆,如果你要做,在花园帮我怎么样?——好的,妈妈。something某事;anything任何事;nothing没有事;everything每一件事情。根据“what about helping me in the garden”可知是没事做。故选C。

4. C　【解析】考查不定代词用法。题意:“你还想要什么?“什么也不要了,我现在什么都准备好了。”nothing“没有任何事物”;something“一些事物;某事物”;everything“每件事”;anything“任何事”。故选C。

5. B

6. C　【解析】考查反身代词用法。题意:“陈先生很擅长跳舞。谁教的他啊?”“没谁教他。他自学的。”learn by oneself “自学”,为固定搭配。故选C。

7. B　【解析】考查代词用法。题意:这不是我的字典。我的落在家里了。本题中mine相当于my dictionary,作left 的宾语。故选B。

8. A　【解析】考查不定代词用法,题意:如果你的朋友说了你什么坏话,你可以保持沉默。形容词修饰复合不定代词置于被修饰词之后。D项不符合题意。故选A。

9. C　【解析】考查代词用法。题意:她写了很多书,但几乎没有几本好的。由转折连词but判断,此处应用表示否定意义的修饰词,只有few复合,故选C。

10. D　【解析】考查不定代词用法。根据句意:笔记本没在这儿,可能被人误拿走了。选D。