高考英语冠词知识点梳理

冠词（Article）是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，本身不能独立使用，只能放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，它是英语词性中最小的一类，只有三个，一种是不定冠词（Indefinite Article），一种是定冠词（Definite Article）。此外也有些特定场合不用冠词，即通常所称的零冠词（Zero Article）。其中冠词简称“art.”冠词有不定冠词、 定冠词、 零冠词。

Part 1 初中英语冠词详解

考点1 不定冠词a / an 的基本用法

一、基本用法

二、a / an 的区别

a 用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，an 用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。如 a book , an orange , an egg

注意：

① u发音为 / ju:/ 时，单词前用a . 如： a usual boy； a university； a unit； a useful book；注意另外两个特殊词: a one-leg table ; a European

②常见辅音字母不发音的单词有：an honest boy； an hour； an honor；

③单独字母前的用an记忆口诀： Mr. Li has one fox .

如：There is an “ f” and an“o” in the word “ frog ”

用法口诀：某人某物属某类，一人一物指全体；某人某物不具体，数量名词前表“每一”

考点2 定冠词 the 的用法

考点3 不用冠词的情况

注意：

1. 中国的传统节日前一般加“the”：the Mid-Autumn Day 中秋节； the Spring Festival ；具体某年的季节前一般加“the”：in the winter of 2009在2009年的冬天

2. 但三餐饭前如有形容词修饰时，可以用冠词，如：have a nice breakfast吃一顿美味的早餐

Part2高考常见冠词形式

冠词的活用

Part 3 针对性练习

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead,she is earning ￡6,500 aday as ________ model in New York.

2．(2017·浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return was _______wonder.

3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Giveyour body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _______ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thenursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle­fed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects.

5．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even________ most modern of architects and engineers.

6．(2015·广东高考)He owned_________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.

7．(2014·广东高考)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on________ top floor.

8．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Now,years later, this river is one of________ most outstanding examples of environmental clean up.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was.

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.

3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.

4．(2016·四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.

5．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop ...he turned around and found his parents were missing. Tony was scared and began to cry. A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.

6.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean and the mountains are green.

7．(2015·浙江高考)On the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.

8．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.

9．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.

10．(2014·辽宁高考)Besides,Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.

[重点清障·精准补弱]

冠词解题技法指导

冠词是语法填空和短文改错的重要考点之一，冠词的用法较复杂，现结合语法填空和短文改错的命题特点分析冠词的解题技巧。

技法一　明确泛指和特指

不定冠词用在首次提到的或不限定的单数可数名词前表示泛指；定冠词用在上文提到的人或物前，或是被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前，也可用在表示双方所默认的特定的人或物的名词前表示特指。

[例1](2016·全国卷Ⅱ)But in that case, we will learn little about world.

[分析]world前加the此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。

[例2](2014·陕西高考)That day I didn't learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!

[分析]a→an此处意为“学到了印象深刻的一课”，故用不定冠词表示泛指；impressive的读音以元音音素开头，故a应改为an。

[规律总结]

1．冠词与语法填空

(1)如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词；

(2)如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an。如果可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”一般填the；

(3)如果名词后有of短语、动词不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。

2．冠词与短文改错

(1)看到读音以辅(元)音音素开头的名词要想到应用不定冠词a(n);

(2)如果名词表示特指，则应用定冠词the；

(3)看到单数可数名词要想到是否少用了冠词；

(4)看到不可数名词表示泛指要想到是否多用了冠词。

技法二　牢记习惯用语或固定搭配

冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配是高考语法填空及短文改错的常考点。语法填空考查惯用搭配中的冠词，而短文改错对冠词的考查主要有冠词的错用、漏用和多用。

[例3](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missingsomething. As ________result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.

[分析]aas a result“因此”，为固定搭配。

[例4](2016·浙江高考)Everytime he arrived home at end of the day, we'd greet him at the door.

[分析]end前加the ，at the end of“在……结束时”，为固定搭配。

[归纳积累]

英语中有很多带有冠词的固定句式或短语，记住这些短语也有利于解此类问题。

1．含不定冠词的固定搭配

2．含定冠词的固定搭配

3．不用冠词的固定搭配

真题答案解析

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．解析：a　此处意为“作为纽约的一名模特”，在单数可数名词model前应该使用不定冠词a，表示“一，一名”。

2．解析：awonder表示“奇迹，奇事”时为可数名词，此处为泛指，故要用不定冠词a。

3．解析：afor a while为固定搭配，意为“一会儿”。

4．解析：the　此处表示双胞胎大熊猫中的另一只，两者之间的“另一个”应该使用the other。

5．解析：the　在形容词最高级的前面用定冠词the。

6．解析：a　此处指一个农场，表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。

7．解析：theon the top floor为固定搭配，意为“在顶层”。

8．解析：the　此空后面的“most outstanding”是最高级的形式，故应填定冠词the。

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．解析：first前加the/my　表示“第几天”，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。

2．解析：第一个a→an/one　hour的读音以元音音素开头，且是可数名词，所以表示一个小时用an/one hour。

3．解析：去掉the　at first “起初”，为固定短语。

4．解析：kitchen前加the　此处特指我们家的厨房。

5．解析：outside后的a→the　此处用定冠词特指上文提到的商店。

6.解析：countryside前加the　in the countryside“在乡村”，为固定短语。

7．解析：hurry前加a　in a hurry“匆匆忙忙”，为固定短语。

8．解析：去掉第一个the　此处为泛指，不表示特指，故去掉the。

9．解析：As后加a　as a result“结果”，为固定搭配。

10．解析：第一个a→an　an average of ...“平均有……”，为固定搭配。