介词by的用法

1.用于被动语态的句子中,表示动作的执行者,意为“被;由”。

例:The house was destroyed by fire. 这座房屋被大火烧毁。(fire是动作的主体,此句的主动形式为Fire destroyed the house.)

The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。 (Lu Xun是动作的主体,此句的主动形式为Lu Xun wrote this book.)

2.表示方式、方法、手段等,后常接无冠词的名词或动名词,意为“通过;靠;用”。(如 bus, bike, train, plane, car, taxi, ship等)

go by bus/plane/train 乘汽车(飞机、火车)去

travel by land/sea/air 陆上(海上、空中)旅行

Let's go to the train station by bus。我们乘坐公共汽车去火车站吧。

3.表示时间、程度、尺寸等,意为“到……时、至……的程度。

He ought to be here by now.他现在应该在这儿了。

The bullet missed me by two inches.

那子弹以两英寸之差未击中我。

4.表示场所,意为“在近旁;在……旁边”。(by与介词near有所不同,by表示的距离更“近”.)

They lived in a house by the sea. 他们住在靠海的房子。

There is a pumping station by the river.河边有个抽水站。



介词

(1)表示时间的介词及介词短语

in, at, on, before,after,till,since,

for, fromto, until, by,in the middle of,

at the beginning of, at the end of,

at half past five,at night,in a week,

in the morning,in class,

at sunrise, in spring/summer/autumn/winter,

on Sunday,on Saturday afternoon,

on a winter evening,for a long time,

for two months,after school,

since liberation,before lunch,

at the time of,at the age of。



(2)表示地点的介词及介词短语

in,at,into,to,on,beside,before,

behind,above,under,outside,inside,

up,from,far,from,near,across, off, down,

among, past,between,out of,around,

in the front of, in the middle of,

at the back of,at the foot of,at home,

at the gate,at the table,in the sky,

on the ground,in a tree, in the south,

in the sun,in the bed,on one’s way home。

初中英语:考试常考语法知识总结