第17讲

1. terrify V：使恐惧，使害怕▲（terrify sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事）The tall boy terrified that small boy into stealing money. 那个高个儿男孩威胁那个小男孩去偷钱。▲（be terrified that... 害怕……）I was terrified that the plane would crash. 我害怕飞机会坠毁。▲（be terrified at / with因……吓了一跳）They were terrified at his sudden appearance. 他的突然出现把他们吓了一跳。▲（be terrified of 恐惧/害怕）The child was terrified of being scolded. 那个孩子害怕挨骂。

【一言辨异】

His terrifying stories terrified the girls, who were terrified for a long time. 他讲的恐怖故事吓坏了这些女孩子，让她们恐惧了很久。

2. burn out 燃尽，烧完；把……烧坏，把……烧光；精疲力竭▲If you don’t slow down and take a break, you’ll burn out very quickly. 如果你不放慢速度歇一会儿，你很快就会没劲的。▲All the candles were burnt out after a whole night.整整一夜，所有的蜡烛都烧完了。

【链接】

feel one’s ears burning 觉得耳朵在发烧（猜想/认为有人在谈论自己）

（注意：burn可用作及物或不及物动词，关键是牢记其不同的词义和所适用的语境。▲The tea is very hot, and don’t burn your mouth. 茶很烫，不要烫伤了嘴巴。▲Paper burns easily. 纸容易燃烧。）

3. breathe V：呼吸▲It’s hard for the firemen to breathe in the building which was almost burnt out. 在这座几乎被烧光的楼内，消防员们呼吸都困难。▲The room filled with smoke, and it was becoming difficult to breathe. 房间里全是烟，呼吸越来越困难。

【拓展】

breathe in / out 吸入/呼出

breathe deeply 深呼吸

【链接】

out of breath 气喘吁吁；上气不接下气

take a deep breath 深吸一口气

hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸

lose one’s breath 喘不过气来

（注意：be out of breath与lose one’s breath虽然含义相同，但是lose one’s breath表示动作，be out of breath表示状态。）

4. contrast V&N

(1)V：对比，对照▲The team will compare and contrast the results of different methods.这个小组将会比较和对比不同方法的结果。▲（contrast with与……形成对照，和……比起来）▲（contrast A and / with B 把A和B进行对比）

(2)CN&UN：对比，对照▲（in contrast to / with 和……相比）In contrast with marriage, friendship can also strengthen the association between two people. 和婚姻相比，友谊也可以强化两个人的关系。▲（by contrast 对比起来，相比之下）When you look at their new system, ours seems old-fashioned by contrast. 看一看他们的新系统，我们的就显得陈旧过时了。

【链接】

compare A with B 把A与B进行比较

compare A to B 把A比作B

compared with / to... 与……相比较

（注意：compare可用于比喻，而contrast无此用法。）

5. identical ADJ：相同的，相等的，同一的▲They were wearing identical clothes. 他们穿着完全相同的衣服。▲In contrast to the one used in France, this system is identical to it. 与法国用的那个相比，这个系统与它完全相同。▲（be identical to / with 与……完全一样，与……极其相似）The two sisters were identical with each other in appearance and character. 这两姐妹在相貌和性格上极其相似。

（注意：表示“与……相同/一样/类似”的常见短语还有as...as / the same as / have sth. in common / be similar to等。学习时注意它们之间的区别及应用语境。）

6. beneficial ADJ：有益处的，有帮助的▲（be beneficial to 对……有益）In contrast with staying at home, going out for a walk for fresh air is beneficial to your health. 和待在家里相比，出去走走呼吸新鲜空气有益于你的健康。

【链接】

benefit from 受益于▲I have benefited a lot from reading. 阅读使我受益匪浅。

be of benefit(= be beneficial) 有益，有好处▲This new English-Chinese dictionary will be of great benefit to your English learning. 这部新英汉词典将对你的英语学习有很大帮助。

7. cure VT&N

(1)VT：（常与of连用）治愈；治疗（疾病等）▲（cure sb of sth 治好了某人的……病，除掉了某人的……恶习）The young doctor cured the patient of his strange illness. 那个年轻的医生治好了这个病人的怪病。

(2)N：药方；药；治疗，治愈；疗程；（解决问题或改善困境的）对策▲We find no cure for rising prices. 我们没有解决物价上涨的办法。

【链接】

inform sb of sth 通知某人某事（be / get informed of sth. 接受某事的通知）

remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事（be / get reminded of sth. 被提醒记起某事）

convince sb of sth 使某人确信某事（be / get convinced of sth. 确信某事）

8. optional ADJ：可选择的，随意的（反：compulsory ADJ：强制的）▲The patient can be treated with a number of optional cures. 对于这个病号有一系列可供选择的治疗方案。▲Attendance at the lecture is optional. 这一讲座可随意参加。

【一言助记】

There are both compulsory subjects and optional subjects at school. 学校里既有必修课，又有选修课。

【助记】

option N：选择，选择权，选择自由→词根记忆opt（选择）+ ion →选择

optional ADJ：可以任选的，非强制的→词根记忆option（选择）+ al →可任意选择的

9. resist V

(1)抵抗；抵制；使不受……的伤害▲（resist doing sth. 抵制做某事）She couldn’t resist laughing at him in those clothes. 看到他那副穿戴，她忍不住大笑起来。This new paint is designed to resist heat. 这种新油漆是为了具有耐热性而设计的。

(2)忍住，抵抗▲（resist sth. 抵住……的诱惑）She tried hard to resist the temptation of delicious food in order to keep slim. 为了保持苗条身材，她极力抵挡美食的诱惑。▲（resist doing sth. 抵住做某事的诱惑）He couldn’t resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。

【拓展】

can’t resist (doing) sth. 无法抗拒（做）某事的诱惑；忍不住做某事

10. rely on / upon 依靠；依赖；指望，信任；信赖▲They have to rely on / upon the river for their water and have no optional choices. 他们用水别无选择，只能依靠这条河。▲You can rely on / upon me. 你可以信任我。▲Don’t rely on / upon him to do anything—he is just a talker. 什么事都不要依靠他——他只会说空话。

【拓展】

rely on (= trust)信赖；(= depend on)依靠▲We rely heavily on computers and can’t resist using them in daily life. 我们在很大程度上依赖电脑，在日常生活中往往忍不住随时使用它们。

rely on it that... 相信……，指望……▲You may rely on it that he will come to pick you up. 你放心好了，他会开车来接你的。

11. too + ADJ / ADV + to do sth. 太……而不能做某事▲They are too young to understand such things. 他们太年轻，还不能理解这些事。▲The water is too dirty to drink. 这水太脏了，不能喝。

【链接】

(1)在下列结构中，too...to...表示肯定意义。

①　too后接心情类形容词，如happy, delighted, anxious等时，意为“非常”。 ▲He was too anxious to leave. 他急于离开。

②　too...to...与never, not连用，表示“不会太……”。▲It’s never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。

(2)too...to...常可转换成so...that...或...enough to...句型。▲He was too weak to walk. = He was so weak that he could not walk. = He was not strong enough to walk.他身体太弱了，还不能走路。

(3)can never...too... / can’t...too...无论……也不过分；应尽量……；越……越好▲It can’t be too strongly emphasized that mathematics is the basis of science. 数学是科学的基础，这一点无论怎么强调都不过分。

(4)注意此结构中的动词不定式的逻辑主语。

在too...to...结构中，句子的主语有时是后面动词不定式的逻辑主语，有时则不是，此时如果我们要将该动词不定式的主语表达出来，可在动词不定式前加上for短语。▲The tea is too hot for you to drink. 茶太烫，你不能喝。

12. worthwhile ADJ：值得的，值得花时间、金钱、精力的（可作表语、定语；作表语时可替换为worth one’s while），常用于句型：It is worthwhile / worth one’s while to do sth. / doing sth.值得（某人花钱/时间/精力）做某事。▲It’s worthwhile to know the confidential information. 能得知这个机密信息是很值得的。▲It didn’t seem worthwhile writing it all out again. 把这再全部写出来似乎没有必要。▲You’d better spend your time on some worthwhile reading. 你最好把时间花在读一些有价值的书上。

【辨析】worthwhile, worth与worthy

易混词

辨析

例句

worthwhile

既可做定语也可作表语，作表语时可单独使用，构成It is worthwhile that...句型。be worthwhile后既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词

It is worthwhile visiting / to visit the place. 这个地方值得参观。

worth

be worth后接sth.或doing sth.(doing为主动形式表示被动含义)或用于It is worth doing sth.句式中，其中it是形式主语

The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。

worthy

be worthy后接of sth.或of being done，或者接to be done，当表示“（因人品行好而）值得尊敬的；（计划等）值得赞赏的”时，可以用作定语

A number of the report’s findings are worthy of being noticed. 这份报告里许多调查结果值得注意。