1. serious ADJ：严重的；严肃的；认真的▲It’s time to give serious consideration to this matter. 到了认真考虑这件事的时候了。▲I’m serious! 我是认真的！

【拓展】

be serious about 对……认真▲You can’t be serious about that! 对此你不是在开玩笑吧！

take...seriously 认真对待……▲It’s only a joke—don’t take it seriously!只是开个玩笑——别当真啊！

（注意：serious是一个较为简单的词，但be serious about与take...seriously这两个短语很重要，要予以重点记忆。）

2. confidently ADV：有信心地，自信地（= with confidence）▲The teacher encouraged every student to answer questions confidently in class. 老师鼓励每个学生在课堂上自信地回答问题。▲Such a good idea! Why not express it loudly and confidently? 这么好的想法！为什么不大声地、自信地表达出来呢？

【链接】

lack confidence 缺乏自信

gain / lose confidence 获得/失去信心

have confidence that... 有信心……

have confidence in 对……有信心

with confidence 满怀信心地

▲She is a good student, but she lakes confidence. 她是个好学生，但缺乏自信。

▲The survey reveals that customers have lost confidence in the product.调查显示，顾客对这款产品丧失了信心。

▲The patient had complete confidence in the doctor. 病人对医生完全信任。



3. lack VT&N

(1)VT：没有，缺乏▲The book lacked several pages. 这本书缺了好几页。▲He lacks the courage to overcome the difficulty. 他缺乏战胜困难的勇气。

(2)UN：没有；不足；缺乏▲Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.勤能补拙。

【拓展】

for / through lack of 因缺乏……▲I haven’t finished the painting for lack of time. 由于时间不够，我的画尚未完成。

no lack of 不缺少……▲There was no lack of volunteers. 志愿者不乏其人。

（注意：lack作名词时可与of搭配，但作动词时不可与in或of搭配。lack的形容词是lacking，常构成短语be lacking in。如：

[译]她缺乏信心。

[误]She is lack of confidence. / She lacks of confidence.

[正]She lacks confidence. / She is lacking in confidence.）

4. be nervous about 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安 ▲I want to know what the little boy is nervous about. 我想知道这个小男孩对什么紧张不安。▲All the students don’t need to be nervous about the coming final exams.所有的学生都没有必要对即将到来的期末考试感到焦虑不安。▲She was so nervous about her exams that she couldn’t sleep. 考试让她紧张得睡不着觉。

【链接】

be upset about... 对……沮丧

be angry with sb. at / about sth. 因某事对某人生气/愤怒

be anxious about 对……焦虑不安

be careful about 对……小心/注意

be crazy about 对……热衷/着迷

be curious about 对……好奇

be worried about 对……担心

be particular about 对……挑剔/讲究

be sure about 对……确信

（注意：“be + ADJ（表态度、心理、情绪等的形容词）+ 介词”结构往往表示主语对某物或某事等的看法或感受，而其中的形容词则表明具体什么样的看法或感受。从【链接】所罗列的短语可以看出，大部分介词为about，少部分介词为at等，抓住该特点，这些短语就不难记忆了。）



5. advance

(1)ADJ：预先的，提前的▲We received no advance warning of the storm. 我们没有收到暴风雨的预先警报。▲Please give us advance warning of any changes.如有变动，请事先通知我们。

(2)N：预先，提前▲Doing planning in advance is very important for the success of work. 提前做些计划对工作的成功非常重要。▲I should warn you in advance. 我应该预先提醒你。

(3)V：前进，推进；进展；提高 ▲The soldiers advanced on / upon the enemy.士兵们向敌人逼近。

【拓展】

in advance 预先，事先

in advance of 在……之前，优于……

advance on / upon 朝……前进，向……前进

【单词积累】

advanced ADJ：高级的；先进的▲There were only three of us on the advanced course. 只有我们三人学高级课程。

6. think of 想出（主意、名字、建议等）；考虑（= think about）；认为；想起，回忆起▲Can anybody think of a way to raise money? 谁能想出个集资的办法？▲They’re thinking of / about buying a new car. 他们正在考虑买一辆新车。▲What do you think of the film? 你认为这部电影怎么样？▲I thought of my best friend Li Jun when I saw the old photo. 看到这张旧照片，我想起了我最好的朋友李俊。

【拓展】

What do you think of ...? 你认为……怎么样？

think highly / well of 对……评价高

think badly / little / nothing / ill of 对……评价差

think of ...as... 把……看作，把……视为

（注意：当think of作“认为，以为，觉得”讲，特别是用于think of ...as...时，不能与think about互换。）

【链接】

think about 考虑

think over 仔细考虑

think twice 三思

think up 想出

think back 回想，回忆

think out 想出

think to oneself 心里想

（注意：think短语意义较多，也容易混淆，在区别和记忆时除了结合语境外，我们要把区别点放到与之搭配的介词或副词上，这样容易记牢。如：think over中over有“穿越，覆盖，全盘，通盘”之意，故think over就有了“仔细考虑”之意。掌握单词、短语的基本含义不失为记忆、区别单词和短语的有效方法。）



7. look away from 把目光从……上移开 ▲Don’t look away from the person who’s talking to you. 不要把目光从正跟你交谈的人身上移开。▲She looked away from the terrible scene. 她转过头去，不忍心看那悲惨的场面。

【链接】

look ahead 向前看，为未来做打算

look around / round 环顾

look down on / upon 轻视

look forward to 期待

look into 调查

look on... as... 把……视为……

look through 浏览，快速查看

look up 查找；好转；抬头看

▲Looking ahead, we must expect some changes to be made in our system of management. 展望未来，我们的管理体制一定要有一些改变。

▲Mr Garcia looks down on anyone who hasn’t had a collage education. 加西亚先生看不起没有受过大学教育的人。

▲Look up the word in the dictionary. 翻翻字典查一下这个词。

8. in addition 另外，除此之外。▲You need money and time. In addition, you need diligence. 你需要金钱和时间。此外，你还需要勤奋。▲She gave us sandwiches for a picnic and a bag of cookies in addition. 她给了我们几块三明治作野餐用，还给了我们一袋甜饼干。▲The company provides cheap and advanced Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely available. 该公司提供廉价先进的因特网接入服务。此外，它还推出免费的共享软件。

（注意：(1) in addition = as well（as well常用于句末）

(2) in addition to = besides（相当于介词）

(3) in addition to意为“除……之外”时，相当于一个介词，to后接名词、

代词或动词-ing形式。

(4)该短语为副词性短语，作状语，可放在句首、句中或句末。放在句首或句中时，常用逗号与其他部分隔开。

▲In addition to native plants, this park contains many types of plants from Africa. 除了本地的植物之外，这座公园还有许多种来自非洲的植物。）

9. opportunity N：机会；良机 ▲Soon he had opportunity of explaining his lack of confidence to me. 不久他便有了向我解释他缺少自信的机会。

【拓展】

afford an / the opportunity 提供机会

get an / the opportunity 得到机会

miss an / the opportunity 失去机会

seize an / the opportunity 抓住机会

take an / the opportunity 利用机会

have an / no opportunity for doing sth. / to do sth. 有/没有做某事的机会

【辨析】opportunity与chance

易混词

辨析

例句

opportunity

多指特殊的机会，是一种有利的状态或合适的时机，含有期待的意味。常指给人行动，以达到目的，并且希望等到的合适机会，不含“偶然”之意

She waited a long time without finding an opportunity for a new departure. 她等了很长时间都没有找到新的动身机会。

chance

多指偶然的机会，含有侥幸的意味在内；它还可表示可能性，而opportunity则不能

There is a chance that he may be alive. 他也许活着也说不定。（此句中chance不能换成opportunity）

（注意：chance与opportunity有时候可以互换，但是在表示“可能性”时，只能用chance。）



10. obligation N：义务，责任▲（have an obligation to do sth. 有义务做某事）Parents have an obligation to bring up their children. Similarly, children also have an obligation to support their parents. 父母有义务抚养子女。同样，子女也有义务赡养父母。When our boss gives us task, we all consider it an obligation to do it. 老板布置任务时，我们都认为完成这个任务是一种义务。

11. favour N：恩惠，帮忙；支持▲（do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙）Do me a favour and turn the radio down, will you? 劳驾，把收音机的声音调小一点儿好吗？▲（ask sb. a favour 请某人帮忙）Paul, can I ask you a favour? 保罗，能帮我一下吗？▲（in favour of 支持，赞成）They voted in favour of the decision. 他们投票一致赞成这项决定。▲（in favour 支持，赞成；受宠爱）The island is very much in favour as a holiday destination. 该岛作为度假地极受欢迎。

（注意：对于favour，主要从它构成的短语入手，掌握这些短语的结构，并从中归纳出其结构特点，如in favour of为“in +名词+ of”结构，并结合该结构中的核心词汇（名词）进行重点记忆。）

12. reply N&V

(1)CN&UN：（= answer）回答，答复▲I asked her what her name was but she made no reply. 我问她叫什么名字，但她没有回答。▲I’m writing in reply to your letter of 16 March. 3月16日来函收悉，现答复如下。

(2)V：回答，答复（注意作不及物动词）▲He never replied to any of my letters. 他从不给我回信。▲She only replied with a smile. 她只是报以微笑。

【拓展】

in reply to 回答

make a reply to 回答

make no reply 不作答复

reply to sb. 回答某人

▲I asked her whether she could do me a favour, but she made no reply. 我问她是否能帮我一下，但她没回复。

13. leave out 遗漏，缺漏；忽视，冷落 ▲I left out an important point. 我遗漏了重要的一点。▲She outlined the case to him, being careful not to leave anything out. 她向他概述了情况，小心不遗漏任何事情。▲Nobody speaks to him. He’s always left out. 没有人跟他说话，他总是受人冷落。▲New fathers often feel left out when baby arrives. 有了小宝宝以后，初为人父者往往有一种被冷落的感觉。

【链接】

leave alone 不管；不理会；不打扰

leave behind 忘带；留下

Leave it out！（口）得啦！

leave off 停止

▲Oh, just leave me alone, will you? 哎，你就别来烦我了好不好？

▲I think I might leave my wallet behind. 我想我可能忘带钱包了。

▲Leave it out! Don’t bother me any more. 得啦！别再烦我了！