主动语态变成被动语态
一.主动语态变成被动语态的步骤是:
1.将宾语变成主语
2.把谓语变成被动结构,时态要跟原主动语态时态相符
3.原主语如果有必要留下,则用介词by引导放在动词之后,将主格改为宾格。
例句如下:
①He mended the bike yesterday.
他昨天把车修好了。
→The bike was mended by him yesterday.
②We study English in our school.
我们在学校学习英语。
→English is studied (by us) in our school.
③We can't put our bikes here.
我们不能把车停在这里。
→Our bikes can't be put here.
④The Young Pioneers are planting trees by the river.
少先队员们正在河边植树。
→Trees are being planted by the Young Pioneers by the river.
二.主动语态变被动语态应注意的一些问题。
1.含有直接宾语和间接宾语时,一般把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语,指“物”的直接宾语保留不动。
He gave me a dictionary.
他给了我一本词典。
→I was given a dictionary by him.
如果要将直接宾语(物)变为主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。
①Mother bought us a big present.
妈妈给我们买了一份大礼物。
→A big present was bought for us by mother.
②He showed me the ticket.
他向我出示了这张票。
→The ticket was showed to me by him.
常见的能接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的词有:give, show, bring, lend, send等,这些词与介词to搭配;还有buy, make, draw等,这些词与介词for搭配。
2.含有宾语补足语的句子,宾语变为主语后,宾语补足语改为主语补足语,原来的位置一般不变。但如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式,包括感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, look at, listen to及使役动词make, let, have和动词help,在变为被动语态时,要加上to,以便将两个动词隔开。
①We keep food cold in the fridge.
我们用电冰箱保鲜食物。
→Food is kept cold in the fridge.
②The teacher made me help you with your English.
老师让我帮助你学英语。
→I was made to help you with your English (by the teacher).
③I saw him enter the Room 102.
我看见他进入102室了。
→He was seen to enter the Room 102.
3.除了单一的及物动词可以用于被动语态外,一些相当于及物动词的动词短语也可以用于被动语态,使用时将整个短语看成一个动词。
①Someone turned off the light.
有人把灯关了。
→The light was turned off (by someone).
②We can take good care of your child here.
我们会在这里把你的孩子照看的很好。
→Your child can be taken good care of here.
③People often make fun of him.
人们常常拿他取乐。
→He is often made fun of.
4.被动语态和系表结构的区别
“be+过去分词”这一结构可能是被动语态,也可能是系表结构。它们的区别在于:被动语态强调动作,而系表结构表示主语的特征和状态。
①The mirror was broken by a boy.
镜子被一个男孩打破了。
(有动作执行者,是被动语态)
The mirror was broken.
那面镜子是破的。
(说明状态,是系表结构)
②The post office will be closed at 6:00.
邮局将在六点关门。
(强调动作发生的时间,是被动语态)
The post office is closed now.
邮局现在关门了。
(说明状态,是系表结构)
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