1
完形填空
一、题型解读
完形填空题是一种旨在考查学生词汇知识和语法知识综合运用能力的题型。它考查的知识面广，覆盖面大，综合性强，灵活性高。它要求学生既要运用学过的词汇、短语、句型、语法、句法等基础知识，又要具有一定的逻辑思维能力和判断归纳能力。
中考采用的完形填空是四选一的形式，其题量一般为一篇200个单词左右的短文和10个小题。其选材多是日常生活、情感故事、人际交往、哲理故事等类型的短文，所以要求考生既要有比较扎实的基础知识，还要有一定的课外阅读量，同时掌握一定的社会常识和文化常识。
二、解题技巧
要做好完形填空题，必须掌握一定的解题技巧。完形填空常见的解题技巧有：
1．前后照应 考生应充分利用文章的上下文信息或前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。
2．语境推断 在选项中设置四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完形填空命题时常用的手段之一。考生在做此类题目时，必须要在特定的语境中选择最佳答案。
3．逻辑关系 这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解能力，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。
4．固定搭配 这类题常见的为动词与介词的搭配，要求考生根据语境选择合适的短语。
高分技巧口诀：
研究首尾——找主题，上下联系——寻信息，左顾右盼——找搭配，
思前想后——觅逻辑，语境分析——辨词义，集中精力——破难题。
三、真题例析
(2017广东)完形填空(本大题有10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
Jack's love for birds started when he made his first birdfeeder about six years ago. He filled the feeder with seeds (种子), put it in his backyard and then __46__ started coming. He got really __47__ in birds as more came. Then be joined a local society. As he realized that more and more birds were dying very __48__，he wanted to try his best to help them.
Besides what he has done, he has his own group called Protecting Out Birds. He does __49__ about birds, runs a website to teach people about birds and how to help them, and __50__boxes for birds. Not long ago, he found that the bluebirds were nesting(做窝)in the dead trees which were often cut down, __51__ he began to make bluebird boxes for the birds in order to save them. Now he wants to use these boxes to __52__ the dead trees. He hangs these boxes up in trees and takes __53__ down every week to see if the birds are nesting in them. He also writes articles, hoping that more people will __54__protecting natural ecosystems(生态系统). “Researching birds is __55__ to protecting birds，”Jack says, “In order to protect birds, we have to learn and really know about the birds. ”
【点评】解答完形填空题需要快速阅读全文，了解文章大意，再带着选项去读，边读边做，注意联系上下文语境。
46-55 BDCDA ABDCC
2
阅读理解
一、题型解读
阅读理解是考查考生综合能力的一个重要题型，它主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力和对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力。以广东的为例，从近5年的广东中考题来看，阅读理解共包括A、B、C三篇短文，其中A、B两篇为选择型阅读。A篇阅读通常是应用文，一般以表格、图片或配有图片的短文出现，该篇短文的5个考题基本都属于细节理解题，可以直接从文中找出答案。
考生只要认真细心，找对文中的信息点一般都可正确作答。B篇阅读通常是说明文，除细节理解题外，通常还会设置两道稍有难度的题目，比如猜测词义题和涉及文章标题、主题或结论的题。因此，考生在做题时，要根据上下文，并经过综合推理判断，从而得出正确的结论。C篇为配对阅读题，该题型通常给考生提供若干简短的片段信息，让考生把相应的信息进行配对，属于细节考查题，难度也不大。
二、解题技巧
(一)A、B两篇选择型阅读主要考查的题型有：细节理解题、推理判断题、数字计算题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题。考生想要高效地做好A、B两篇阅读理解题，必须分清试题考查类型、对症下药：
1．细节理解题
此类题主要考查考生把握文章的事实和细节的能力。它主要考查考生对文中某句、某段或某一信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等关键信息的捕捉能力。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到答案。
2. 推理判断题
推理判断的题目中常含有suggest，mean，learn，know等动词，或含有表示推测的情态动词can，could，might，would以及表示推断的副probably，mostlikely等。推理判断题的干扰选项有以下特点：
(1)将文中一些从字面含义就能知道的信息作为干扰项；
(2)将不符合事实、逻辑的判断结果作为干扰项。
解答此类题既要求考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求考生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理与判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。
3．数字计算题
数字计算题主要考查考生对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答此题型时考生首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，排除掉一些干扰的数据，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。
4．词义猜测题
此类题是近5年广东中考必考的题型之一。该题型主要考查考生根据上下文猜测生词含义的能力。词义猜测题的解题技巧主要有：
(1)利用上下文语境猜词
利用上下文提供的情境和线索，进行合乎逻辑地分析进而推测词义。
(2)利用例证猜词
为了说明或证实某个观点，文章中经常会举例或解释说明。这些例子可以帮助我们猜测词义。举例时，常会用到一些连接性的词(组)如：suchas, like, for example, for instance等。
5．主旨大意题/标题归纳题
这类题要求考生在理解全文的基础上，对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。做这类题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论、结局等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上并结合所学知识进行逻辑推理、判断，从而获取文章的内在信息。该题型常见的设题形式有：
(1)主旨大意类：
①What does this passage mainly talkabout?
②The passage is mainly about______.
③What is the main idea of thispassage?
(2)标题归纳类：
①The best title/headline for thispassage might be______.
②What's the best title for/of thepassage?
(二)C篇为配对阅读，这是一种信息匹配题。该题型主要考查考生对文章的理解能力和信息匹配能力。常见的种类有：1.人名—观点配对；2.地名—描述配对3.句子—句子配对；4.分类题；5.段落—标题配对；6.段落—细节配对。同学们在平时的练习中可以参考以下步骤进行解题：
1．认真阅读背景介绍，了解话题或主题。
2．仔细阅读题目，并在关键词下画线，以便为后面顺利解题创造良好的条件。
3．快速浏览7个答案部分，迅速抓住每个答案的要点。浏览过程中若发现答题所需的具体信息，在词语或句子下面画线并标上所答的题号，以初步敲定。对那些暂时无法肯定的可暂且放置一边，留待第二次阅读时解决。
4．第二次阅读短文时必须要有针对性，主要为了解决两个问题：一是仔细检查已初步认定的内容与题干是否匹配；二是找到第一遍浏览时尚未找到的信息。
5．为确保准确无误，若有时间可再次将题干和已选择答案的内容进行比较，检查有无谬误或疏漏之处。
注意每读一段话，做一道题，每确定一题的答案后，最好将该选项从列表中划去，以免在以后的选择中干扰答题。
三、真题解析
People often think of the North Pole and the South Pole as similar frozen (冰凉）wastelands.They are both places with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However,the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine.
The North Polehas no land,only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32 F, at which waterturns into ice. Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30 F.
Although conditions were very poor, people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole. About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties. They reached the North Pole on March 8th,1909.It was really a hard trip for them.
There are few things more dangerous than crossing the Arctic(北极圈）on foot. People who stayed there may face many problems:very cold
temperatures,sudden storms, and even hunger. Most of the area is uninhabited. Few people can live in such a difficult place.
People might think that with such low temperatures for most of the year, the ice would be thick and hard. However, this is not true in the Arctic. The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water called “leads”. Anyone who falls into a lead can be frozen to death in a few minutes.
61.This passages is probably from .
A.a bookreview
B. a science book
C. A school report
D. a computer magazine
62. According to the passage, what happened about 100years ago ?
A.Two mensucceeded in getting to the North Pole
B.Temperatures inthe North Pole went above 32 F
C.The environmentin the North Pole suddenly became worse
D.The North Polechanged into thick ice because of the temperatures.
63. What does the underlined word “uninhabited”probably mean in Chinese?
A 气候恶劣的
B 充满危险的
C 困难重重的
D 无人居住的
64. The reason for the ice to break into two opening lanes of water is .
A.That thetemperature suddenly drops
B. that the water under the ice is frozen
C. That the ocean water under the ice moves
D. that the surface is covered with lots of ice
65. What does this passage mainly talk about ?
A.The thick ice in the North Pole
B.A difficult trip to the North Pole
C.The real situation in the North Pole
D.The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole
61-65 BADCC
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