一、慎重定位考点
语法填空题大部分题目较容易确定考点,但是少数题目却较难,这些题在一定程度上拉开了考生的得分档次。因此,考生要根据题目设计类型(提示词填空和非提示词填空)及已经给出的其他信息快速确定设题者的命题意图及考查内容。一旦锁定考点,考生不但可以快速将思维和注意力集中到所考查的内容上,重点分析,针对性突破,而且可以省时省力,减少失误。
【样例】
1.Donot stand there, boys! Please find some seats for____(you).
【答案】yourselves
【分析】本题定位为考查"代词",用法并不难,难在不少考生把答案写作yourself, 而不是yourselves。究其原因, 考生忽略了关键词boys和seats,该题的意思是"男孩儿们,不要站在那里!请为你们自己找座位",因此,应填yourselves。
2.However, two days later, my uncle called again,____ (say) that they were not coming because he had to take a business trip to China.
【答案】saying
【分析】本题的难点在于将空处定位为与called并列的动作还是其伴随状语。分析句子结构可知,called是谓语动词,say仅是伴随动作,故答案是saying。
二、针对性作答
考生在根据"考什么就分析什么,见招拆招"的基本解题原则确定考点后,要由考点进行"发散思维式"理解和分析,减少冗余信息的干扰,深入分析考点的实质,层层"过滤"考点,使考点"显露原形",从而确定答案。
【样例】
I have dreamed of becoming a writer since I was a teenager. But ____is not easy to get a book of mine____ (publish).
【答案】it; published
【分析】前一空处考查的是"it + is/was +形容词+to do sth."结构,it是形式主语。后一空处填published,考查的是"get sth.done"结构,sth.与done 是被动关系。
三、理顺句意
考生要顾及文章的构架及层次,以理顺"句意"为主,"完形"句子结构为辅,一旦句意理顺、正确,句子结构合理,答案就基本确定。
【样例】
1.As people became comfortable with the song, the wise man started to dance____ the sweet and soft song.
【答案】to
【分析】根据设空处的设题特征应该填一个介词使dance和the sweet and soft song联系起来。此题很容易误用with,根据句意"当人们沉浸在音乐的韵律中时,这位智者随着优美的乐曲翩翩起舞"可知,应该用to。dance to意为"和着……的节拍跳舞",后跟sth.;而dance with sb.是"和某人跳舞"的意思。
2.____(luck), she was badly hurt in a contest.
【答案】Unluckily
【分析】根据"she was badly hurt"可知,此处应用Unluckily作状语。
四、语法正确
不少题目在做好前三项工作后还需分析、判断语法是否正确无误(尤其是主谓一致、固定句型、省略、倒装、独立主格结构等)。如果句意合理,上下文逻辑无误,语法正确,即可快速锁定答案。
【样例】
The teacher as well as the students ____(make)great preparations up to now.
【答案】has made
【分析】首先,分析句子结构可知,此句缺少谓语动词;其次,根据up to now可知,应用现在完成时;此处表示"做了很多准备",应用主动语态。但是还有一个关键的信息点"as well as",当as well as, besides, rather than, but, along with, together with, with, except, in addition to, including等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数必须与前者保持一致。
五、核实无误
运用上述技巧确定答案后,为了确保万无一失,还要检查单词拼写是否存在错误、不规则动词的过去式和过去分词、可数名词的特殊复数形式等。
【样例】
1.Although we might see the same faces every day, we ____(prefer)hiding behind our newspapers to talking to people around in the past few days.
【答案】have preferred
【分析】根据时间状语"in the past few days"可知,该空应用现在完成时,但别忽视了prefer的过去分词为preferred。
【拓展】不规则动词还有: blow(blew, blown);dig (dug, dug);hide(hid,hidden);forgive(forgave, forgiven);freeze(froze, frozen); spit(spat, spat);deal(dealt, dealt)等。
2.How then do we make sense of these____ (phenomenon)?
【答案】phenomena
【分析】由前面的these可知,此处应用复数名词。
【拓展】考生要特别注意以下名词的特殊复数形式:analysis—analyses; shelf—shelves; crisis—crises; criterion—criteria; datum—data; medium—media; bacterium—bacteria; alga—algae; sheep—sheep
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