## 一、词汇释义

**Monopoly Industries**(垄断行业)是指在特定市场中,一家或少数几家企业拥有绝对的控制力,能够独占商品或服务的生产和销售。这些企业通常由于专利权、资源控制、规模经济等原因,使得其他企业难以进入并与其竞争。在这样的行业中,垄断者往往能设定价格,控制产量,影响市场规则,而消费者的选择则相对有限。

英文解释:

"Monopoly Industries refers to sectors in which one or a few companies have an exclusive control over the production and distribution of goods or services. These firms, often due to patents, resource ownership, or economies of scale, create barriers to entry for potential competitors, allowing them to dictate prices, control output, and influence market regulations, leaving consumers with limited choices."

## 二、用法例句

1. "In the telecommunications sector, the existence of a monopoly industry can lead to higher prices and reduced innovation."

   (在电信行业中,垄断行业的存在可能导致价格上涨和创新减少。)

2. "The government has been trying to break up the monopoly industries to encourage competition and promote consumer welfare."

   (政府一直在努力打破垄断行业以鼓励竞争,促进消费者福利。)

3. "Monopoly industries often face criticism for exploiting their market power to suppress new entrants."

   (垄断行业经常因滥用市场权力压制新进入者而受到批评。)

4. "Regulatory bodies exist to prevent the formation of monopoly industries and ensure fair play in the market."

   (监管机构的存在是为了防止垄断行业的形成,确保市场竞争公平。)

5. "The energy sector was once a typical example of a monopoly industry, but deregulation has led to the emergence of multiple players."

   (能源部门曾是典型的垄断行业例子,但去管制化导致了多家企业的出现。)

## 三、同义词辨析

1. **Oligopoly**(寡头垄断):与垄断行业相似,寡头垄断也是由少数几家大公司主导的市场,但它们之间存在一定程度的竞争。与垄断不同,寡头市场的价格和产量通常由几家公司的相互作用决定,而不是单一公司。

2. **Duopoly**(双头垄断):在这种市场结构中,只有两家公司控制着整个市场的大部分份额。尽管这两家公司可能相互竞争,但他们对市场价格和供应的影响力非常大。

3. **Monopsony**(买方垄断):这是一种相对少见的情况,其中只有一个买家(通常是大型公司或政府)在市场中占据主导地位,可以设定购买条件,影响供应商的价格和生产。

4. **Perfect Competition**(完全竞争):与上述所有情况相反,完全竞争市场中存在大量买家和卖家,没有一家能影响市场价格,产品无差异化,信息完全透明。