**英语过去将来时用法详解**

一、引言

在英语中,过去将来时(Past Future Tense)是一种表示在过去某个时间点对未来的预测或打算的时态。它主要用在叙述过去的故事或事件中,描述人物在过去的某个时刻对即将发生的事情的预期或计划。本文将详细解析过去将来时的构成、用法和常见句型,帮助读者更好地理解和掌握这一时态。

二、过去将来时的构成

1. **基本形式**

   过去将来时通常由 "would" 或 "should" 加上动词原形构成。例如:

   - I would go to the party.

   - She should arrive by midnight.

2. **助动词 "were going to"**

   除了 "would" 和 "should","were going to" 也常用来表达过去将来时,尤其在非正式语境中。例如:

   - They were going to visit their grandparents.

三、过去将来时的用法

1. **表示过去的预测或预期**

   这种用法通常出现在叙述过去的事件中,描述某人在过去对即将发生的事情的预测。例如:

   - Last night, he said it would rain the next day. (昨晚他说第二天会下雨。)

2. **表示过去的计划或意图**

   过去将来时也可以用来表示在过去某一时间点已经计划好的行动。例如:

   - Before leaving for the airport, she told me she would call when she arrived. (在去机场之前,她告诉我她到达时会打电话给我。)

3. **条件句中的第二条件分句**

   在虚拟语气的第二条件句中,主句使用过去将来时,表示对过去情况的假设和结果。例如:

   - If I had known you would be here, I would have brought you a gift. (如果我知道你会在这里,我就会给你带礼物了。)

4. **表示过去习惯性的打算**

   当描述过去经常性的计划或习惯时,过去将来时也有所应用。例如:

   - Every Sunday, they would meet at the park for a picnic. (每个星期天,他们都会在公园聚会野餐。)

四、过去将来时的常见句型

1. **主句+would/should/might/could+动词原形**

   - He said he would help me with my homework.

   - She thought she should pass the exam.

2. **主句+were going to+动词原形**

   - We were going to travel to Europe, but then the pandemic happened.

   - The weather forecast predicted it was going to snow.

五、总结

理解并掌握英语过去将来时,对于准确地表达过去的时间线上的未来事件至关重要。通过熟练运用 "would", "should", "were going to" 等结构,我们可以更生动、准确地描绘过去的场景,展示角色的预期、计划和情感。在实际应用中,结合上下文和语境,选择恰当的表达方式,可以使语言更加丰富和细腻。