Nervous一词的详细解析:释义、用法及同义词辨析

一、单词释义

“Nervous”是一个英语形容词,源自拉丁语“nervus”,意为“神经”。在现代英语中,它主要用来描述一个人的情绪状态或身体状况,具有以下几种含义:

1. 紧张的:当人们面临重要事件或压力时,可能会感到紧张。例如,考试前的学生或者首次公开演讲的人。

2. 焦虑的:指对未来或未知事物的担忧和不安。这种感觉可能源于对失败的恐惧或者对潜在问题的过度思考。

3. 易激动的:形容人容易受外界影响而情绪波动,比如对噪音、人群等敏感。

4. 神经过敏的:表示一个人过于敏感,对小事情反应过大,可能是因为心理压力或疲劳。

二、用法例句

1. 紧张的用法:

   - She was so nervous before her job interview that she could hardly speak.(她在面试前紧张得几乎说不出话来。)

   - The children were nervous about the dark storm clouds gathering outside.(孩子们对外面聚集的乌云感到紧张。)

2. 焦虑的用法:

   - He's been feeling quite nervous about the exam results.(他对考试结果感到相当焦虑。)

   - The investors are getting nervous about the stock market fluctuations.(投资者对股市的波动感到焦虑。)

3. 易激动的用法:

   - The baby was nervous at the sudden loud noise, starting to cry immediately.(婴儿对突然的大声噪音感到紧张,立刻哭了起来。)

   - The dog is very nervous around strangers; it barks at anyone who comes near.(那条狗对陌生人很敏感,一有人靠近就会吠叫。)

4. 神经过敏的用法:

   - After weeks of working overtime, she's become rather nervous and easily startled.(加班几周后,她变得相当神经过敏,很容易受惊。)

   - His nervous temperament often leads him to overreact to minor issues.(他神经质的性格常常使他对小事反应过度。)

三、同义词辨析

1. Anxious:与nervous相似,但anxious更侧重于内心的担忧和期待,如焦虑、渴望等。例如,“I'm anxious to hear from you.”(我很期待收到你的消息。)

2. Tense:强调身体或心理上的紧绷状态,通常与压力或冲突有关。例如,“The atmosphere was tense during the meeting.”(会议期间气氛很紧张。)

3. Jittery:形容人因为紧张或兴奋而手足无措,通常用于非正式场合。例如,“She was jittery before her first performance.”(她在首次演出前很紧张。)

4. Restless:强调无法静止或满足的状态,可能是因为焦虑、不耐烦或身体不适。例如,“He was too restless to sit still for long.”(他太不安分了,无法长时间坐着不动。)