一、比较级前使用冠词的5大原则
比较级前通常不用冠词,但有时也用,主要遵循以下原则:
1. 当比较级后接名词时,比较级前可能用冠词,此时的冠词不是修饰比较级,而是修饰其后的名词。
Which of them is the better choice?—Well, it's hard to tell.
他们谁是更合适的人选?——嗯,这很难说。
Some of the more time-consuming jobs can now be done by machines.
有些更费时间的工作现在可以用机器做了.
但是,若受比较级修饰的名词为表泛指的复数名词或不可数名词,则仍不用冠词。
He's got more money than the rest of us (put) together.
他的钱比我们大家的加在一起的总数还多。
Fewer people write with their left hand than with their right.
用左手写字的人比用右手的少。
2. 当要特指两者中“较(更)……”时,比较级前通常要带定冠词,此时可视为比较级后省略了有关的名词或代词one,即定冠词实为修饰被省略的名词或代词one。
Which of the two methods is the better?
这两种方法哪一种更好?
Of the two possibilities, this is more likely than that.
两个可能性中,后者比前者更可能。
3. 在比较级前用the表示程度(通常有表示原因、理由或条件的短语或从句)。
He's had a holiday and looks the better for it.
他度假之后,气色好多了。
I love him all the more for his faults.
正因为他这些缺点,所以我越发爱他。
4. 用于“the+比较级,the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”。
The younger you are, the easier it is to learn.
年纪越轻,学习越容易。
The better I know her, the more I admire her.
我对她越了解,我就越爱慕她。
The more money you make, the more you spend.
你挣的钱越多,花的钱也越多。
5. 当by far用于修饰比较级且置于其前时,比较级前要用the。
He is by far the cleverer than her.
他比她聪明得多。
It's quicker by far to go by train.
坐火车去要快得多。
注:与比较级连用,通常要放在比较级之后,若放在比较级前,则比较级通常应带有冠词。
He is cleverer by far than her.
It's by far the quicker to go by train.
二、最高级前使用冠词的5种情形
最高级前通常要用冠词,但有时不用,主要遵循以下原则
1. 在形容词最高级前通常用the。
He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience.
他尽管经验最少,但教得最好。
2. 当最高级形容词用作表语(尤其是用于which后)且不带比较范围时,the有时(尤其是非正式场合)可以省略。
This dictionary is (the) best.
这本词典最好。
Which of the boys is (the) strongest?
这些男孩子当中哪个力气最大?
但是,当处于表语位置的最高级带有比较范围或带有限定性修饰语时,其前的the通常不能省去。
This dictionary is the best I could find.
这是我能找到的最好的词典。
He was the strongest of all the students.
他是所有学生中最强壮的。
3. 当most表示“非常”时,若其后形容词所修饰的名词为单数可数且表示泛指意义,那么其前用不定冠词而不用定冠词。如:
I had a most unpleasant time at the dentist's.
我在牙医那里受了大罪。
She is a most mysterious person.
她是一个非常神秘的人。
4. 当要对同一个人或事物在不同情况下进行对比时,处于表语位置的最高级形容词前不能加the。
It's safest to go by bus.
坐公共汽车去最安全。
Vegetables are best when they are fresh.
蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。
比较:
He's busiest on Sunday.
他星期天最忙。(他与自己平时比)
He's the busiest of all the people here.
他是这儿所有人当中最忙的。(他与别人比)
5. 与形容词的最高级一样,当要对同一个人或事物在不同情况下进行对比时,副词最高级前也不能加the。
He works hardest when he's doing something for his family.
他为自己家做事时最卖力。
比较:
Of all the workers, he works (the) hardest.
在所有工人中,他干活最卖力。
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