直接引语变间接引语中人称的变化

1) 直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如:

He said：“I am very sorry.”

He said that he was very sorry.

2) 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称。如:

“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.

My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.

3) 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如:

She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.”

She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.

注意：人称的转化包括人称代词，物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如:

He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of minethis afternoon?”

He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend ofhis that afternoon.

直接引语变间接引语中时态的变化

直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态。

“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.

She said she was very glad to visit our school.

Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.”

Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.

Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”

Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.

He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?”

He asked the conductor where he should get off to change to a No. 3 bus.

直接引语变间接引语中时态的变化一览表

  • 一般现在时变一般过去时

  • 一般将来时变过去将来时

  • 一般过去时和现在完成时变过去完成时

  • 现在进行时变过去进行时

  • 过去进行时（不变）

  • 过去完成时（不变）

变间接引语时指示代词和时间状语的变化

He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.”

He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.

Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.”

Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.

直接变间接引语中指示代词、时间状语的变化

  • here变there

  • this变that

  • these变those

  • now变then

  • today变that day

  • this week变that week

  • yesterday变the day before

  • tomorrow变the next day或者the following day

  • the day after tomorrow变two days later或者in two days' time

  • next week变the next week或者the following week

变间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况

1)直接引语是客观真理，如:

"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.

The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.

2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、月、日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如:

Blair said: "I was born on April 21, 1998."

Blair said she was born on April 21, 1998.

3)直接引语是一般现在时。表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如:

He said, "I get up at six every morning."

He said he gets up at six every morning.

4)如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如:

Peter said. "You had better come here today."

Peter said I had better go there that day.