限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

1. 形式不同

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别


例如:

Here is the man who has been removed from the company.这就是那个被公司开除的人。(限制性定语从句)

The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $ 1 billion.这个工程历时3年,耗资多达10亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)

2. 作用不同

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别


例如:

My elder sister who has settled in Beijing sends me an e-mail almost every day.我已在北京定居的姐姐几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。(限制性定语从句,意思是“我”可能还有其他姐姐)

My elder sister, who has settled in Beijing, sends me an e-mail almost every day.我姐姐已在北京定居,她几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。(非限制性定语从句,言外之意是“我”只有一个姐姐)

3. 先行词不同

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别


例如:

This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句,先行词是the best novel)

The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.我昨天晚上看过那部小说了,它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句,先行词是novel)

She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much.她说她已经完成了工作,对此我深感怀疑。(非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整句话的内容)

4. 关系词的使用情况不同

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别


例如:

Most people didn't vote for him, which disappointed him.大多数人没有投票支持他,这使他感到失望。(非限制性定语从句,此时不可用that)

I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind.我已经告诉他们原因了,因为那个原因我改变主意的。(非限制性定语从句,此时不可用why,用for which代替)

注意:

在限制性定语从句中,当关系代词在从句中做宾语时常可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。例如:

I love the city I visited last Sunday.我喜欢个星期日我参观的那个城市。(I visited last Sunday为限制性定语从句,其前省去了which/that)

I love Beijing, which I visited last Sunday.我爱北京,上个星期天我参观了这座城市。(which I visited last Sunday为非限制性定语从句,which不能省。)