（一）


1.定语从句的概念：


在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。


2.先行词：


被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。


3.关系词：


引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。


4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。


that指人也指物


which指物


who指人


whom指人，做宾语


whose指人或物，做定语


（二）


1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。


1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。


There is nothing ______ I can do for you .


2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。


This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .


3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。


This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .


4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。


This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=


I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .


5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。


He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .


2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。


1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。


This is the building in ______ he lives .


2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。


The clock is that _____ tells the time .


3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。


His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.


3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。


1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who 。


Those ______ are singing are all my classmates .


2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。


There is a girl ______ expects to see you .


3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。


He ______ plays with fire gets burned .


（三）


由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。


where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which


1.由where引导的定语从句。


1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语


Is this the house ______ you lived ?= Is this the house _____ _____ you lived ?


= Is this the house _____ you lived in ?


2.由when引导的定语从句。


1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从句中作时间状语


I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.


注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。


When was the last time you saw the parrot ?


3.由why引导的定语从句。


先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。


We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .


特别提示注意事项：


1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。


The story _____ he told was very popular .


A.who B.whom C.whose D. /


2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。


I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs .


She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .


3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。


Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?


A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it


4.定语从句中whose 的确定：


无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。


判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose 。


The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .


A. who B. whose C. which D. that


I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.


中考真题：


1. Do you know the scientist _______ gave us a talk just now? (天津市)


A. who B. whom C. which D. whose


2. This is the dictionary _______ Mum gave me for my birthday. (河北省)


A. which B. what C. whose D. whom


4. —Do you know the girl _______ is standing under the tree?


—She is my little sister. (福州市)


A. who B. whom C. whose D. which


5. This is the question _______ we are talking about now. (吉林省)


A. that B. who C. where D. when


6. —What are you looking for?


—I am looking for the book _______ I bought yesterday. (长沙市)


A. who B. which C. whose


7. Jack, there is someone in the office _______ would like to speak with you. (厦门市)


A. Who B. which C. whom


8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _______ works hard.


A. which B. / C. whom D. who


9. Many young people prefer the songs _______ have great lyrics. (泰安市)


A. which B. who C. where D. whom


10. The boy _______ I talked with just now is my best friend. (南充市)


A. who B. which C. where


11. —What kind of music do you like?


—I like music _______ I can sing along with. (自贡市)


A. who B. that C. what


12. Have you read the book _______ I gave you yesterday? (茂名市)


A. That B. when C. where


13. The man _______ came to our party with a present is my old friend. (茂名市)


A. when B. which C. who


14. I like writers _______ write short stories. (襄樊市)


A. which B. what C. whom D. who


15. —There are many volunteers _______ are helping the children in Sichuan.


—And most of them are college students. (咸宁市)


A. which B. when C. whose D. who


16. We know Jackie Chan _____ movies are very popular with the young. (恩施自治州)


A. whose B. that C. who D. which


17.I like the teacher_____ classes are very interesting and creative.（2009·甘肃兰州）


A. which B. who C. what D. whose


18..I don’t know the teacher________is talking with Miss Wang. （2009·山东淄博）


A. what B. whom C, which D. who


19..Sorry, we don’t have the coat ______ you need. （2009·河北）


A. what B. who C. whom D. which


20..It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people _____ have helped me. （2009·河南）


A. who B. what C. which D. where


21..The skirt ___ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it.（2009·湖北孝感）


A. what B. / C. that D. it


22..Jim dislikes people ______ talk much but never do anything. （2009·吉林通化）


A. whom B. when C. whose D. who


23..This is the novel________ is written by Guo Jingming. （2009·山东德州）


A. who B. what C. that D. /


24..--Does the teacher know everybody ____ planted the trees? (2004年哈尔滨中考试题)


---Yes, he does.


A. which B. whose C. where D. who