英语定语从句关系词的用法与区别定语从句即指在主从复合句用作定语的从句。定语从句通常修饰名词或代词，对它进行限制、描绘和说明。受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。关系词不仅引导定语从句，同时还在定语从句充当一定的句子成分。


一、考查关系代词that和 which的区别

1．Finally ，the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police．

A．which B．what C．whatever D．that

2．All _____ is needed is a supply of oil．

A．the thing B．that C．what D．which

答案及简析：

1．D。2．B。that和which都能指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，但下列情况下，常用that，不用which：①先行词是all， everything，anything，nothing等不定代词。②先行词指物且被形容词最高级、序数词或all，no，only，the very，the last等修饰。③先行词既指人又指物。


二、考查关系代词whose

3．A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan．

A．which B．his C．whose D．with

答案及简析：

3．C。关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语，修饰其后的名词，意为“……的”。有时“whose ＋n．”可转换为“n．＋of＋which ／whom”。如：

The building whose roof（＝the roof of which）we can see from here is a hotel．

This kind of book is for the students whose native language（＝the native language of whom）isn't English．

4. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

三、考查关系代词与关系副词的差异

4．After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child．

A．which B．where C．that D．when

5．I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together．（短文改错）


答案及简析：

4．B。5．去掉when或when→that／which。如何选用关系代词和关系副词呢？关键是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。决不能只按先行词是地点名词就用 where，先行词是时间名词就用when，先行词是reason就用why。有时，命题者还会在先行词与引导词之间加入附加成分，影响考生正常解题思路，做题时，要特别注意。

定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择： 1. 明确关系代词，关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用。关系代词which , that , who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语。关系副词when , where, why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语。 2. 分析句子结构，明确句法成分。关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等。3. 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

(具体怎么选择小编将另文详细说明)

四、考查“介词＋关系代词”

6．He paid the boy ＄10 for washing ten windows， most of _____ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year．

A．these B．those C．that D．which

答案及简析：

6．D。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词一般只有which，whom。先行词是物时，用which，先行词是人时，用whom。介词的选定一般依据下列三点：①看定语从句中的形容词与哪一个介词组成固定搭配②看先行词与哪一个介词组成习惯搭配③看定语从句中的动词与哪一个介词组成习惯搭配。


五、考查非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别

7．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，_____ ，of course，made the others unhappy．

A．who B．which C．this D．what

8．I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the country with the farmers，_____ has a great effect on my life．

A．that；which B．when；which C．which；that D．when；who

答案及简析：7．B。8．B。

六、考查as引导的非限制性定语从句

9．_____ is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month．

A．It B．As C．That D．What

答案及简析：

9．B。as，which均可用来引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，但as引出的从句可放在句首、句中或句末，which引出的从句通常只能放在主句后面。