先请看下面的经典试题：

---I'm not going swimming this afternoon.


--- _____ .I have to help my mother do some cleaning


A. So am I B. So I am


C. Neither am I D. Neither I am


【易错选项】选A


【易错原因】未掌握so，neither引导的倒装句的区别。倒装句要避免先入为主的想当然思想。


【正确答案】C


【试题解析】上句为否定句，所以此处要用 neither引导句子，排除A、B；表示“我也不打算去”要用“ Neither am I.”，故选C。

下面具体探讨与so有关的几个考点：：

1.so通常置于所修饰的形容词、副词之前.

so修饰“a(an)＋形容词＋名词”时,排列顺序为“so＋形容词+a（an）＋名词”.如：

I”ve never seen so amusing a film.

我从来没有看过这么有趣的电影.

此时要注意与such的区别,即such修饰“a（an）+形容词＋名词”,排列顺序为such +a（an）+形容词＋名词.如：

I”ve never seen such a beautiful lake.

我从未见过这么美丽的湖.

此时要注意：a,an置于such之后,但no,any,some,all,many等则置于such之前.如：

I”ve heard of some such rumors.

我听到过一些这样的谣传.

(1) so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句 = such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词+ that从句。例如：


It was so fine a day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic. = It was such a fine day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic.


昨天天气很好，我们都出去野餐了。

It is so good a movie that everyone who saw it praises it very much.

这是一部非常好的电影，以至于每一个看过它的人都非常称赞它。


(2) such + 形容词 + 复数名词/不可数名词 + that从句。 例如：


They are such good students that the teacher likes them.


他们都是很好的学生，老师喜欢他们。


It was such fine weather yesterday that we went swimming.


昨天天气很好，我们去游泳了。


(3)当that前的名词有表示数量多少的many, much, few, little等修饰时，只能用so，不能用such。 例如：


There was so much noise outside that we couldn’t hear the teacher.


外面嘈杂声很大，以致我们不能听到老师的话。


He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.


他跌了这么多的跤，以致全身青一块、紫一块的。


2.so＋系动词（助动词或情态动词）＋另一主语.（倒装结构句型）

此句型是主谓倒装结构,表示前句所述肯定情况也适用于另一主语.其中so作“也这样；也如此”解.

此时要注意：so后的系动词、助动词或情态动词须同前一句的谓语动词保持一致.如：

I enjoy reading the book and so does my wife.

我喜欢看这本书,我的妻子也喜欢.

Tony takes exercise every day and so does his younger brother.

托尼每天锻炼，他的弟弟也锻炼。

Carol is very pretty and so is her sister.


卡罗尔很漂亮，她姐姐也很漂亮。


He likes skating and so do I. 
他喜欢滑冰，我也喜欢。


Dick speaks French and so does his brother. 
狄克讲法语，他弟弟也讲法语。


I enjoy Ann's company and so does Martin

我喜欢和安在一起，马丁也一样。

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so用于肯定句,相对应的否定句则用neither/ nor.如：

I don”t like carrots.我不喜欢胡萝卜.

Neither do I.我也不喜欢.

Jenny has never been late for class.Neither/Nor her younger brother.

珍妮上课从不迟到，她弟弟也不迟到。

上面的试题也是这个用法的考察：

---I'm not going swimming this afternoon.


--- Neither am I .I have to help my mother do some cleaning

今天下午将不去游泳。

今天下午我也不去游泳。我得帮助妈妈打扫卫生。

3.so ＋主语＋系动词（助动词或情态动词）此句型的主语与前一句的主语相同,因而主谓不倒装.

这种句型表示说话者对前句所提到的情况或事实表示赞同,或证实、加强语气等作用；表示对前面陈述事实的强调，结构为：so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词其中so作“不错；确实如此”解.如：

Tony works very hard at all the subjects.So he does.

托尼在所有科目上都很用功。他确实如此。

Tomorrow is a holiday.''So it is.'


“明天是休假日。”“的确是。”


－It is cold today. 今天天气很冷


－So it is 不错，是很冷。


－He studies hard. 他学习很努力。


－So he does. 确实如此。


‘You were there, too.’ ‘ So I was ─I'd forgotten.’

“当时你也在那儿。”“是啊——我给忘了。”

‘There's another one.’ ‘ So there is .’

“还有一个。”“可不是吗。”


4.主语＋表示看法、意见等动词＋so

在此句型中,so只用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,等于代替肯定的名词性从句.可与

believe,imagine,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think等动词及I”m afraid连用.

Is he going to study abroad?

他打算去留学吗?

I believe so.（＝I believe （that）he is going to study abroad.）我想是的.

此时要注意：think so,believe so,expect so,等变为否定形式有两种方法：

（1）可以用动词的否定结构.如：I don”t believe（suppose,think …）so等；

（2）也可用not代替so,但be afraid so,fear so,hope so等变为否定形式只能用not代替so.

如：I hope not,I fear not,I”m afraid not.

要注意此用法不能和表示确信、疑问的词连用.

如：I”m sure of it.

我确信如此.

5.主语+do+so

在此句型中,so和动词do连用,可用来替代上文出现过的动宾和动状结构,以避免重复.如：

They asked me to call them and I did so (= I called) .

他们要我叫他们，于是我就叫了。


Have you handed in your homework?

I did so.(did so=handed in my homework)

你的作业交了吗？我的作业交了。

6.作连词时,意为“因此,所以”引导目的或结果状语从句.如：

I”m going to take an early bus so that I”ll get there in time.

我打算乘早班公共汽车,以便及时赶到那里.（目的状语从句）

I took an early bus so that I got there in time.

我乘了早班公共汽车,及时赶到了那里.（结果状语从句）

It was late, so I went home.


天晚了，所以我就回家了。


The shop is closed, so I can't buy the bread. 
商店关门了，所以我不能买面包。


The woman asked if he could perhaps mend her fences, and so he stayed

女人问他能否给她修一修篱笆，于是他留了下来。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》


其他常见结构：

常见结构：

and so on/and so forth：等等；

so as to（do）：以便；

so that+从句：以便

例：

We discussed everything─when to go, what to see and so on.

我们什么都商量过了——什么时候走、看什么等等。


We study Politics,Chinese,English and so on.


我们学政治、中文、英文等等。


We eat different vegetables， such as tomato，potato，celery，and so on.

我们吃不同的蔬菜，如西红柿、土豆、芹菜等。

They got up early so as to catch the first bus.

他们起得很早以便赶上第一班车。

We went early so as to get good seats.

为了占到好座位，我们早早就去了。


They got up so early that they could catch the first bus.

他们起得很早，能赶上第一班车。

She spoke so quietly (that) I could hardly hear her.

她说话轻得我几乎听不见。

I'm not so stupid as to believe that.

我还不至于傻得连那样的话都相信。

I'm so glad to see you.

见到你真高兴。（so相当于very）

We have so much to do.

我们有很多事要做。（so相当于very）

The programme has been so organized that none of the talks overlap.

日程做了精心安排，以使每一讲都没有重复内容。

(so后直接跟动词，翻译时灵活把握含义)

He took her arm and hurried her upstairs so that they wouldn't be overheard

他挽起她的手臂，带她匆匆上了楼，这样别人就听不见他们说的话了。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》