一、用法说明
这类不定代词有everything(一切事,最重要的事), everyone =everybody (每个人,所有人); something(某事,重要的人或事物), someone =somebody(某 / 有人,重要的人); anything(什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物), anyone =anybody(任何人,无论谁,重要的人); nothing(没有东西,什么也没有,不重要的人或事)no one=nobody(没有人,不重要的人)等。它们还与别有词构成很多习语,如for nothing(徒劳,免费),nothing but(仅仅,只不过),It’s nothing. (不用谢,不必在意),anybody else(别人)等等。如:别人
1. —Is ________ here? —No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. (全国卷)
A. anybody
B. somebody
C. everybody
D. nobody
【分析】答案选C。由答语可知问的是“到齐了吗?”所以用everybody。请比较: Is anybody here? 这里有人吗?
2. —One week’s time has been wasted.
—I can’t believe we did all that work for ________. (重庆卷)
A. something
B. nothing
C. everything
D. anything
【分析】答案选B。for nothing是习语,意为“徒劳,没有好结果”““免费,无酬劳;无结果”。
What's wrong with you is that you think you can
get something fornothing.
你的问题是你认为自己可以不劳而获。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
All my trouble went for nothing.
我的一切辛苦都白费了。
《汉英大词典》
You gave me the wrong address and made me go all that way for nothing.
你把地址搞错了,害得我白跑了一趟。
《汉英大词典》
The furniture was threadbare; he'd obviously picked
it up for nothing
这件家具很破旧,显然他是白捡来的了。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
He was at his wits 'end, having worked a year for nothing.
他哭不得笑不得,一年的气力白费了。
《汉英大词典》
Pantelaras was giving his art collection away for nothing, to spiteMarie and her husband.
潘特拉拉斯将自己的艺术藏品全都无偿捐了出去,存心要激怒玛丽和她的丈夫。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
He was giving his collection away for nothing
他将收藏品无偿捐献出来。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
含复合不定代词的习语,如for nothing(徒劳,免费),nothing doing (不行,我不干)anything but (=not at all决不,根本不),nothing but(仅仅,只不过),It’s nothing. (不用谢,不必在意),等等。如:
I can’t believe we did all that work for nothing.我不相信我们所做的一切会是徒劳。
二、考点注意复习时,还需注意以下7点:
①作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Everything is ready, isn’t it?一切都准备好了,是吗?
Someone is waiting for you. 有人等你。
Everything is going well. 一切正常。
Everything is good.诸事顺利。
Somebody is waiting for you outside.
外面有个人在等你。注意用 is,这句也可以说成:
Someone is waiting for you outside.
There is something outside the window.
窗外有东西。
但是有一类句子貌似不是祈使句,但实际上是祈使句,主语依然是第二人称,主语仍然是指“你们中的人(每个人、某个人、没有人)”:
Everyone keep quiet! 大家安静!
Nobody say a word! 都不许说话!
Somebody answer the phone please. 请来个人接电话。
Everybody stand up, please!(《英语语法难题新探·句法篇》P. 82)
Somebody open the door!
Everyone shut your eyes.
Nobody move. (《高级英语语法》下册 P. 736)
试看这样的两个有趣的句子:
Nobody tells me what to do.(陈述句)没有人告诉我该做什么。
Nobody tell me what to do.(祈使句。Nobody = None of you)你们中的人不要告诉我该做什么。
作宾语,没有宾格形式
I heard something in the kitchen. 我听到厨房有动静。
Did you notice somebody enter the room? 你注意到有人进房间吗?
作表语
You are nobody. 你谁也不是。(nobody 用于表示“不重要的人物”)
It's nothing. 不用谢。不用提。(nothing 含有“不重要的事”之意)
②代替与-thing构成的复合不定代词,用it;代替与-body, -one构成的复合不定代词,一般用they,在正式文体中可用he。如:
Everyone knows what they have / he has to do, don’t they / doesn’t he? 每个人都知道他必须做什么,不是吗?每个人都知道他必须做什么,不是吗?
Anything could happen, isn’t it?什么事都可能发生,对不对?
If anyone finds my pen, I hope they/he will tell me.如果有人见到我的钢笔,我希望他们/他能告诉我。
Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]?人人都知道这一点,不是吗?
If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait.要是有人来,让他等着。
复合不定代词的再替代
在谈话进行过程中,还会提到此前用到的复合不定代词,此时含有-body、-one 的用 he / she 或其变形替代;含有 -thing 的常用 it 替代。
Something is wrong, isn't it? 出问题了,是不是?
Everyone must keep his/her words. 每个人都要信守承诺。
③修饰它们的形容词或不定式一定要位于它们的后面,如:
I have something important to tell you.我有件重要的事要告诉你。
He has nothing much to do today.
他今天没有多少事情做。
someone important :某个重要人物
something else :别的事儿
There's something wrong with the TV.
电视出毛病了。
here is nothing wrong with the radio.
这收音机没有毛病。
Have you seen anyone famous?
你见过名人吗?
This is something special. 这是种特别的东西。
Haven’t you got anything to do? 你无事可干吗?
④除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外,都有所有格形式;在表示不定代词的属格时,要注意:含有 -thing 的不能用 's 属格;含有 -one、-body 的可以加 's;如果有定语 else ,else 后置并用 else's 表示:
This is someone else's car. 这是某个别人的车。
It's nobody's. 那不是任何人的。
Grammar isn’t everybody’s idea of fun. 语法不是每个人都认为兴趣的。That must be somebody else’s coat; it isn’t mine. 那一定是别人的外衣,不是我的。
⑤everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody, 只指人,不能与of短语连用;every one, any one可指人也可指物,一定要与of连用才可以。如:Is anybody here? 有人吗?You can take any one of these. 你可以随便拿一个。
⑥与some-,any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与some, any的用法相同。与any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中,not…any-构成完全否定,但没有any-…not的说法;与some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中
Will you find someone to carry the box for me?你找个人替我扛箱子好吗?
Would you like something to eat?你想要吃些东西吗?
Are you expecting someone this afternoon?今天下午你是不是等什么人?
⑦与no-构成的复合不定代词本身就是否定意义,所以一定要与肯定的动词连用。not与由every-构成的复合不定代词是部分否定。
She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got no one to talk to.她在这里一个人也不认识;她没有人谈话。
I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with everything.我同意你说的大部分内容我并非同意你讲的一切。
Everyone cannot do it.=Not everyone can do it.并不是每个人都能做这个。
如:1. She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got ________ to (广东卷)
A. anyone
B. someone
C. everyone
D. no one
【分析】答案选D。no one = nobody = not…any one没有一个人。由前句句意可知。
2. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ________. (全国卷)
A. everything
B. anything
C. something
D. nothing
【分析】答案选A。not…everything是否定,意为“我并非同意你讲的一切”,与前一分句意思相符。而not…anything=nothing与前一分句意思矛盾。
3. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________. (江苏卷)
A. anyone
B. anyone else
C. no one
D. no one else
【分析】答案选B。表示后者与前者“一样不。表示后者与前者…”,nor本身就是否定的,后面要用肯定的,排除C和D;又因为用else才可排除“I”,所以选B。
anyone,anything也可以用在肯定句中,表示“任何人”,“任何事”。
例如:Anyone can do this.任何人都会做这个。
该句中any-类复合不定代词用于陈述句中,表达的是“任何人”;
I can do anything for you.我能为你做任何事。
该句中any-开头的复合不定代词也用于了肯定句中,表达的是“任何事情”的意思。
John can do it, if anyone can.如果有人能做此事,那就是约翰了。
He will do anything for a quiet life.只要能过上安宁的日子他什么都愿意做。
注:含any-的一般用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,但表示“无论何事”时,可用于肯定句。 含every-的可用于肯定句、疑问句、否定句。
He lost everything that was dear to him.他所珍贵的一切都损失了。
Is everybody here?到齐了吗?(比较:Is anybody here? 这里有人吗?)
some-的不定代词有时候强调“重要的人或物”,no-的有时候强调“渺小”:
You will be someone. 你会出人头地。
I'm nobody. 我是个小角色。
something, somebody/someone, anything还可作名词,意为“重要的事情(或人物)”。如:
His wife is now somebody in television.他的妻子现在是电视界的大人物了。
Money isn’t everything.金钱不是一切。
If you want to be anybody, you must work hard.如果你想成为名人,你得努力学习。
someone/anyone/everyone =somebody /anybody /everybody只能指人,不能与of短语连用; 而some one/any one/every one则既可指人也可指物,可与of短语连用。
any one of the boys (books)孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
every one of the students (schools)每一个学生(一所学校)
Every one of us likes English.我们每个人都喜欢英语。
Every one of these desks is new.这些桌子中每一张都是新的。
巩固练习:
1.-Do you have your summer plan.Bill?
-Well,I want to go___to relax with my family.
A.interesting somewhere B.somewhere interesting
C.anywhere interesting D.interesting anywhere
2. -Did you go to the movie with___,Tony?
-No,no one went with me.
A.someone B.no one C.everyone D.anyone
分析:1.考查的是复合不定代词被形容词修饰时,其位置要谓语复合不定代词之后。由题推测,该题要选常用于肯定句中的some-类的复合不定代词,所以答案为B。
2. 问句为"你有和别人一起去看电影吗?”,该句为一般性的一般疑问句,也没有表达希望得到对方的肯定回答,所以答案选择any-类的复合不定代词,所以答案为D。
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