A.状语和宾补的辨别
I found some flowers in the garden. in the garden是做状语还是做宾语的补足语?想弄清楚这个问题,应先从find的用法和状语、宾补、定语的原始定义和本质着手。
find 的用法如下:
1. find后跟单宾语:
(1) Many people here cannot find work.
(2) He didn’t find his key in his bag.
2. find后跟双宾语:
(1) I wonder if you could find me some bread.
(2) He has to apply for a permit and we have to find him a job.
双宾语:有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人(类似人的动物等)的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。
3. find后跟复合宾语(宾语+补足语):
(1) When she woke up, she found herself in a hospital.
(2) It's not the first time that you've found yourself in this situation.
(3) At my age I would find it hard to get another job.
(4) They found her walking alone and depressed on the beach.
(5) She returned to her east London home to find her back door forced open.
以上例句作find宾补的可以是:介词短语,形容词,现在分词短语,过去分词短语等。宾语补足语:用来补充说明宾语的部分叫做宾语补足语。
其本质是宾语和宾补直接存在逻辑上的主谓关系,状语则是描述谓语动作发生的状态、原因、目的、时间、地点、方式、结果等。
上述例句中,介词短语作状语或是作宾补,都很明确:
He didn’t find his key in his bag. 句中的in his bag是地点状语,不是宾补。
When she woke up, she found herself in a hospital. 句中的in a hospital 是宾补,不是地点状语。
宾语补足语结构:
动词+人(宾语)+动词原形
动词+宾语+形容词
动词+宾语+带to的不定式
动词+宾语+省to的不定式
动词+宾语+名词短语
回到问题:I found some flowers in the garden. in the garden从语法上看,既可以作地点状语,也可以作宾语补足语。但从意思上看,小编倾向于作地点状语。
译为:我在花园里发现了(见到了)一些花。
如果视为宾补,则很勉强,比较不符合语言习惯,但也能说得通;
译为:我发现一些花在花园里。
B.宾语补足语和后置定语的区分
一、二者的逻辑不同:宾语补足语的作用在于“补充”,定语的作用在于“修饰”,请体会:
1、He made his daughter a doctor.
他让他女儿成了医生。
his daughter为宾语,“宾语成了doctor”,所以doctor为宾语补足语。
2、He invited a man named Sam.
他邀请了一个叫Sam的人。
named Same修饰a man,意为“一个叫Sam的人”,所以named Sam是后置定语。
二、某些情况看作宾语补足语和后置定语都可以,但是含义不同,如:
We saw his daughter in red.
按照宾语补足语理解,句意为“我们看到他的女儿穿着红色的衣服”。
按照后置定语理解,句意为“我们看到他的穿红衣服的女儿”,言外之意,他还有别的女儿。
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