第一种类型:考查which引导的非限制性定语从句
which指代整个主句的内容,它引导的定语从句一般位于主句的后面,它的意思是“这(那)件事……”,在这些从句中which作主语或宾语。如:
1. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. (浙江卷)
A. which B. that C. this D. it
解析:which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。答案为A。
第二种类型:考查as引导的非限制性定语从句
as也可指代整个主句的内容,但不同于which的是,它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面,也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”,在这些从句中as 作主语或宾语。如:
1. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (浙江卷)
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
解析:引导非限制性定语从句且位于主句之前,用as引导。答案为C。
第三种类型:考查由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which(指物)和whom(指人)。在这种结构中,介词的选择非常关键,可以遵循以下四个原则:(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词,其动词与介词搭配,构成动词短语。(2)根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词,其形容词与介词搭配,构成形容词短语。(3)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词,其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词,它们与介词之间有一定的联系。当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时,可分别用when, where, why替换。(4)根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子,先行词完全一样,定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的,这时,要根据句子所要表达的意思,选用不同的介词。如:
1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to Cambridge. (山东卷)
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
2. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _________ they are being trained. (江西卷)
A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which
解析:第1题选C,after which 指“在此之后”;第2题选D,考查的对应搭配是be trained for the jobs。
第四种类型:考查由where, when, why引导的定语从句
关系副词where, when, why引导定语从句时,它们分别在从句中充当地点时间、原因状语。如:
1.—Is that the small town you often refer to?
—Right, just the one _________ you know I used to work for years. (福建卷)
A. that B. which C. where D. what
解析:选where,表示“……的地方”,引导定语从句,表示地点。
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