require、 demand、 claim 和 request等用法辨析

‘要求’是向别人请求什么事情。例如，索要钱财的时候使用beg或demand，还有表示命令的command也是一脉相承的。

ask表示更全面性的要求。ask

to expect or demand sth 指期望、要求：

You're asking too much of him.

你对他要求过分了。

因为需要而要求时，用require。

Iif you require futher，you can't get anything。

如果你要求越多，那么你就不能得到任何东西。

Require也指要求做（某事）、达到（某水平），尤指根据法规或规定：

All candidates will be required to take a short test.

所有候选者都要参加一个小测验。

The rules also require employers to provide safety training...

这些规定还要求雇主提供安全培训。

We require details of your name and address.

我们需要你的姓名和地址的详细信息。

What clause do you require in the contract?

你要求在合同中订上什么条款？

强迫的要求时，用demand:

to ask for sth very firmly; to say very firmly that sb should have or do sth 指强烈要求、坚决要求：

She demanded an immediate explanation.

她要求立即作出解释。

He demanded his rights。

他要求了自己的权利。

要求修改权利或问题时，用claim。

They claimed our products。

他们对我们的产品提起了诉讼。

郑重地要求和希望时，用request。

Visitors are requested not to smoke in the hall。

在大厅要求宾客们禁烟。

claim—contest a claim 对要求提出异议

多指to ask for money from the government or a company because you have a right to it

A lot of lost property is never claimed.

许多失物从未被认领。

He claimed political asylum.

他要求政治避难。

She claimed damages from the company for the injury she had suffered.

她因受伤向公司要求获得损害赔偿金。

You could have claimed the cost of the hotel room from your insurance.

你本可以从你的保险中索取旅馆住房费。

[V] You can claim on your insurance for that coat you left on the train.

你可按你的保险索赔你遗忘在火车上的大衣。

expect

to demand that sb should do, have or be sth, especially because it is their duty or responsibility 指要求、认为应得、指望，尤因义务或责任：

I expect to be paid promptly for the work.

我要求即时付工钱。

insist

to demand that sth happens or that sb agrees to do sth 指坚决要求、坚持：

I didn't want to go but he insisted.

我并不想去，但他硬要我去。

We insist on the highest standards at all times.

我们始终坚持最高标准。

注意：ask不如demand和expect语气强烈，demand和expect更像命令。