表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。

with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例: He stood there, his hand raised.

= He stood there, with his hand raise.

The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm.

这个孩子总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。(伴随状语)

With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。(伴随状语)

I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.我在房间坐了一会儿,眼睛盯着天花板。(伴随状语)

I like to sleep with the windows open.

我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。(伴随状语)

He fell asleep with the light on.

他睡着了,灯还亮着。(伴随状语)

The boy stood there with his head down.

这个男孩低头站在那儿。(伴随状语)

典型例题

The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。

A. being tied  B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied

答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.

注意事项:

1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题:

当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制

A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. 

( hand前不能加his)。

 The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

老师手中拿着一本书走进教室。

2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词。

He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 他躺在那里,牙齿紧闭,双手紧握,眼睛直直地看着。

典型例题:

Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.

A permitted  B permitting  C permits  D for permitting

答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构, 其结构为:名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。

如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

词汇积累:clench [klentʃ] v.

(通常表示愤怒、决心或不安时)捏紧,攥紧(拳头等),咬紧(牙齿等);握紧;抓牢;攥住

with的复合结构作为独立主格结构也可以表伴随