would rather用法几个关键点解说

下面这道试题是考查 I’d rather 后接句子的语气问题，该选哪个？

“He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _________ the day after tomorrow.”

A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come

文末有试题分析，如果你感觉很容易做出正确答案，恭喜你可以直接跳过本文，别浪费宝贵的时间了。如果感觉模棱两可，还是花点时间研究一下本文吧：

would rather主要用来表示“宁愿；宁可”，它有两种用法：不带从句和带从句。

（一）当不带从句时

1、此时，would rather直接后接动词原形，如：

正确：We’d rather go on Monday.

错误：We’d rather to go … or We’d rather going …

2、其否定形式为直接在would rather后接not，如：

I’d rather not fly. I hate planes.

3、当我们要表达过去发生的事情时，我们会采用would rather have done的用法，此时的用法其实是虚拟语气，往往表达与事实相反或不符的情况。如：

He would much rather have been crooning in a smoky bar

他宁愿在烟雾缭绕的酒吧里哼唱歌曲。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

She would rather have spent the money on a holiday.

钱没有花在度假上。

（二）当后接从句时

当后接不同主语的从句时，从句中的谓语动词要采用虚拟语气的用法。如果是对现在或将来情况的描述，从句的谓语动词采用一般过去时的形式；如果是对过去情况的描述，从句的谓语动词采用过去完成时的形式。如：

现在或将来：I would rather they did something about it instead of just talking about it.

我宁愿他们为此做些什么，而不只是谈论它。

‘Do you mind if I smoke?’ ‘Well, I'd rather you didn't.’

“你介意我抽烟吗？”“嗯，最好别抽。”

现在或将来：Would you rather I wasn’t honest with you?

你愿意我对你不诚实吗？

I would rather Lionel took it on

我宁愿莱昂内尔负责这件事。

过去：I’d rather you hadn’t rung me at work.

我宁愿你工作时不打电话给我。

（三）would much rather

当我们要强调时，会采用would much rather的用法。在口语中，我们会重读much以示强调。如：

He would much rather have been crooning in a smoky bar

他宁愿在烟雾缭绕的酒吧里哼唱歌曲。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

I’d much rather make a phone call than send an email.

我宁愿打个电话也不愿发电子邮件。

She’d much rather they didn’t know about what had happened.

她宁愿他们不知道发生了什么。

要特别注意：

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。

　If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.

如果我有选择的话，我早就没有在这所学校继续学习了。

　I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.

我宁愿呆在这里也不愿回家

【试题分析】此题容易误选A或B，因为上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。但实际上此题的最佳答案是 C，这与 would rather 的用法有关。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，其谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：

I’d rather you went home now. 我宁愿你现在就回家。

I’d rather you hadn’t done that. 我真希望你没有做过那事。

“I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you hadn’t.” “我把这事告诉他了。”“但我倒宁愿你没有告诉他。”

“He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he didn’t.” “他将把你也带上。”“但我倒宁愿不要带我去。”