横看成岭侧成峰——强调句型角度多

一.强调句型的陈述句形式和一般疑问句形式一般还好理解，但若以特殊疑问句形式出现，则很容易误解。比较：

Mary bought a new car. (非强调句)

It was Mary that bought a new car. (强调句型的陈述句形式)

Was it Mary that bought a new car? (强调句型的一般疑问句形式)

Who was it that bought a new car? (强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)

特殊疑问句形式的强调句可视为对陈述句强调中的被强调成分提问得来，如对It was in 1985 that he was born 这一句中的in 1985提问，即得到When was it that he was born?

二. 请看下面的试题：

It was what he meant rather than what he said _________ annoyed me.

A. which B. as C. what D. that

许多考生对此题的结构分析感到无从下手。其实，此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看几例：

(1) It was his nervousness in the interview _________ probably lost him the job.

A. which B. since C. that D. what

答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。

(2) It is the ability to do the job _________ matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one B. that C. what D. it

答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。

三. 有这样一道考题，其中涉及了 not…until… 句型：

It was not __________ he took off his dark glasses __________ I realized he was a famous singer.

A. when，that B. until，that C. until，whenD. when，then

此题选 B。考查 not...until的强调结构，其基本句型为：

It is (was) not until(时间状语) that (不用否定)

他妻子走了之后他才来。

正：He didn’t come until his wife left.

正：It was not until his wife left that he came.

直到雨停他们才出发。

正：They didn’t start until the rain stopped.

正：It was notuntil the rain stopped that they started.

请做以下各题：

1. It was not until midnight ________ the noise of the street stopped.

A. that B. this C. since D. at which

2. It was not _______1920 _______ regular radio broadcast began.

A. for，that B. until，that C. for，when D. until，when

3. It was not _______ you had explained how ________ I managed to do it.

A. for，that B. until，thatC. for，when D. until，when

答案：1. A 2. B 3. B

四. What a silly mistake it is ______ you’ve made!

A. it B. this C. that D. which

在不同的背景下可以有不同的理解：

一）、将原来理解为强调句

如果将原来理解为强调句，则其原句为：

It is a silly mistake that you have made. 你犯的是一个愚蠢的错误。（朗读时“愚蠢的错误”要重读，以示强调）

将它转化为感叹句，即为：What a silly mistake it is that you’ve made! 句中的it is和that为强调句的结构词，可以省略，即此句也可省略成：What a silly mistake you’ve made! 按此理解，上面一题的答案应选 C。

二）、不将原来理解为强调句

如果不将原来理解为强调句，则其原句可以是：

You have made a silly mistake. 你犯了是一个愚蠢的错误。（普通的陈述句）

It is a silly mistake (that, which) you have made. 这是你犯的一个愚蠢的错误。（含有定语从句的复合句，关系代词that, which用作宾语，可以省略；此句的言外之意可以是：这个错误是你犯的，不是别人犯的）

如果将上面的第二句转化为感叹句，即为：What a silly mistake it is that you’ve made! 句中的that为关系代词，可以换成which，也可以省略。按此理解，上面一题的答案应选 D。

五. 英语强调句型的基本结构是“It+be+被强调成分+that (who)…”。在该结构中，It was…that (who)… 为强调句的结构词，原则上说，若将其去掉，句子意思依然清楚、结构依然完整。如：

1. It was Jack who stole our money. 是杰克偷了我们的钱。

若去掉it was…who…，即为：

Jack stole our money. 杰克偷了我们的钱。

2. It was in May that you can see this kind of flower. 你在五月可以看到这种花。

若去掉it was…that…，即为：

In May you can see this kind of flower. 你在五月可以看到这种花。

若去掉It was…that (who)…结构词，句子意思则不通、结构则不完整，那么就可能不是强调句。请看下面一题：

It was ten o’clock ________ he came back.

A. that B. when C. so D. which

许多同学以为这是考查强调句型，从而误选答案A。而其实此题最佳答案是B。因为这不是一个强调句型，假若去掉结构词it was…that…，句子则成了Ten o’clock he came back，此句要成立应在ten o’clock前加适当介词。如：

It was at ten o’clock that he came back. 他是10点钟回来的。

It was after ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10点过后回来的。

It was before ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10点前回来的。

It was ten o’clock when he came back 是一个包含有when引导的时间状语从句的复合句，全句意为“当他回来时，时间是10点钟”。