与词法有关的虚拟语气一锅端

1. “要求/请求”类宾语从句英语中某些表示“要求”意义的动词，后接宾语从句时，通常要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气(在美国英语中)，这些动词主要包括ask(要求), beg(请求), demand(要求), desire(要求), insist(坚持要求), request(要求), urge(迫切要求)等。

如：I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。He begged that he (should) be allowed to leave. 他恳求让他离开。

I demand that John (should) go there at once. 我要求约翰立即到那里去。

She desires that you (should) see her at once. 她要你立即见她。

I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持要他和我们一块儿去。

He requested that the matter should be kept secret 他请求对这件事保密。

有时“要求”类动词为被动式，此时通常用it作形式主语，其后的that从句不是宾语，而成了主语从句。

如：It is requested that a vote be taken. 建议付诸表决。

其中的insist除表示“坚持要求”外，还可表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”，此时从句所指情况通常是在句子主语看来已经发生的事或已存在的状态，因此谓语一般用陈述语气。

如：He still insisted he wasn’t there at the time. 他仍然坚持说他当时不在那儿。比较：He insists that she is careful. 他力言她是小心的。

He insists that she should be careful. 他坚持要她小心。

He insisted that he was not ill, but the doctor insisted that he should take the medicine. 他坚持说他没有病，但医生却坚持要他服药。

2. “建议”类宾语从句英语中某些表示“建议”意义的动词，后接宾语从句时，通常要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，这些动词主要包括advise(建议), move(提议), propose(建议), recommend(建议), suggest(建议)等。

如：The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生劝他换工作。

I propose that they should stay here. 我建议他们留在这里。

I recommended that she should reduce her expenditure. 我劝她减少开支。

We suggest that you should sell it. 我们建议你买下它。

有时“建议”类动词为被动式，此时通常用it作形式主语，其后的that从句不是宾语，而成了主语从句。如：

It was proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting. 有人提议这事下次会议再讨论。

其中的suggest除表示“建议”外，还可表示“暗示”“表明”“指出”“提出(看法)”等义，此时若后接that-从句，通常用陈述语气。如：

His smile suggested that he was satisfied. 他的微笑表明他是满意的。

I’m not suggesting that the accident was your fault. 我并不是说这个事故是你的错。

Others suggest that they two will be equals. 其他人认为他们俩将是势均力敌。

3. “命令”类宾语从句英语中某些表示“命令”意义的动词，后接宾语从句时，通常要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，这些动词主要包括order(命令), command(命令), direct(指示、命令)等。如：

He ordered that the goods should be sent by air. 他命令货物得空运。

He commanded that we (should) attack at once. 他命令我们立即发起进攻。

The owners directed that the factory (should) be closed. 厂主下令关厂。

4. “决定”类宾语从句英语中某些表示“决定”意义的动词，后接宾语从句时，通常要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，这些动词主要包括decide, determine等。如：

She determined that he should study music. 她下决心要他学习音乐。

They decided that the profits should be divided equally. 他们决定利润平分。

有时“建议”类动词为被动式，此时通常用it作形式主语，其后的that从句不是宾语，而成了主语从句。如：

It has been decided that the book should be revised. 已经决定这本书要重新修订。

有时也用陈述语气，它与用虚拟语气的区别是：强调事实，用陈述语气；强调愿望，用虚拟语气。体会：

She determined that she (should) never see him again. 她决心再也不要见他。

They determined that they will go there themselves. 他们决定亲自去那里。