01
文章及段落起始常用的引领词语
to begin with 首先
【例】To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas.
首先，在公共场合应该禁烟。
first of all 第一，首先
【例】First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty.
第一，在偏远地区许多人还生活在贫困中。
in the first place 首先
【例】In the first place, she can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.
首先，她能每分钟阅读100字。
generally speaking 总体上讲
【例】Generally speaking, the more you practice, the more skillfully you can write in English.
总体上讲，练习地越多，你英文写作时就越熟练。
02
文章及段落结尾常用的收尾词语
therefore, thus 因此
【例】Thus, taking morning exercises regularly may reduce the chances of getting sick.
因此，定期进行晨练可以减少生病的概率。
Therefore, we are misusing time.
因此，我们滥用了时间。
in conclusion 总之，最后
【例】In conclusion, universities should give larger amount of money to libraries.
最后，高校应该给图书馆大量拨款。
in brief, in a nutshell 简言之
【例】In brief, birth control is of vital importance in China.
简言之，计划生育在对中国来说是十分重要的。
In a nutshell, the owners thought they knew best
简而言之，业主们认为自己最了解情况。
to sum up 总而言之
【例】To sum up, out of sight, out of mind.
总而言之，眼不见，心不烦。
in a word 总之
【例】In a word, country life is more beneficial than city life.
总之，乡村生活更优于城市生活。
03
常用表示先后次序的衔接词语
first 第一
second 第二
next 其次，然后
eventually 最后，最终
since then 自此以后
afterward 以后，随后
meanwhile 同时
therefore 因而
immediately 立刻
finally 最后，最终
【例】Finally, the country must not again go through the war.
最终，这个国家必须避免再次遭受战争。
Eventually, the army caught up with him in Latvia
最终，大部队在拉脱维亚赶上了他。
Meanwhile we must do a good job in transport and communications.
同时我们要搞好交通运输工作。
Immediately after his election he began to distribute major offices among hisfriends and supporters.
他当选后立即着手将要职分派给他的朋友和支持者们。
04
常用表示因果关系的连接词语
accordingly 于是
for this reason 由于这个原因
as a result of 由……结果
in this way 这样
consequently 结果，因此
due to 由于……
therefore 因而
because of 因为
thus 因为
【例】It rained, for this reason, the game was cancelled.
由于下雨，游戏取消。
Accordingly I copied the story and sent it to him for his birthday.
于是，我把故事誊写下来，并且把它作为生日礼物寄给了阿纳戈诺斯先生。
Her hair started falling out as a result of radiation treatment.
由于放疗，她开始掉头发。
Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone acorresponding change.
因此，我们的感情、思想和情绪都经历了相应的变化。
Consequently, every conscious person should give careful consideration to thisproblem.
因而每一个有意识的人都应该对这个问题给予认真的考虑。
Unfortunately, due to unforeseen circumstances, this year's show has beencancelled
遗憾的是，由于一些意外情况，今年的演出被取消了。
He had to cancel the trip because of the rain.
因为下雨，他只好取消这次旅行。
05
常用表示比较和对比的比照词语
in contrast with 和……成对照
similarly 同样
whereas 然而
on the contrary 相反
different from与……不同
likewise同样
equally important 同样重要
on the other hand 另一方面
【例】Different from Jane, Mary is interested in Maths.
和简不同，玛丽对数学比较感兴趣。
In contrast with most students, she is the most diligent student in her class.
与大多数同学相比，她是班里最勤奋的学生。
A mother recognizes the feel of her child's skin when blindfolded. Similarly, she can instantly identify her baby's cry.
即便是蒙上眼睛母亲也能摸出自己孩子的肌肤。同样地，母亲也能立即听出自己孩子的哭声。
Pensions are linked to inflation, whereas they should be linked to the cost of living
养老金与通货膨胀挂钩，然而它们其实应该和生活费用挂钩。
The V2 was not an ordinary weapon: it could only be used against cities. Likewisethe atom bomb.
V2火箭并非普通武器：它只能用于对付城市。原子弹也是这样。
But equally important and sometimes even more so is how you achieve thoseresults.
但同样重要有时甚至更重要的是你怎样获得这些结果。
06
常用表示举例的示例词语
a case in point 恰当的例子
for example 举例
namely( that is ) 即，这就是说
for instance 举例
【例】A case in point is the water control project along the Yangtze River.
一个恰当的例子就是长江沿线的水控项目。
The railroad connects two cities, namely, New York and Chicago.
这条铁路连接两个城市，即纽约与芝加哥。
The book was inspired by a real person, namely Tamara de Treaux.
那本书的灵感源于一个真实人物，即塔玛拉·德特罗。
I learn four subjects, namely English, Chinese, chemistry and physics.
我学了四门课程，即：英语、中文、化学和物理。
There are a number of improvements; for instance, both mouse buttons can nowbe used
在许多地方有了改进，例如，鼠标的左右键都可以使用了。
07
有关描写图表的过渡词语
during this time 在此期间
【例】During this time, more women took various jobs.
在此期间，更多的妇女找到了各种各样的工作。
apart from 除了……之外
【例】Apart from the figures, the information below the table also suggests the growth of production.
除了数据之外，表格下面的信息同样也反应了生产量的增长。
compared with 与……相比较
【例】Compared with the percentage of the base year, it jumped by 15 percent.
与基准年相比，上升了百分之十五。
from the above table/ chart/ graph 根据上图(表)所示
【例】From the above chart, it can be seen that changes do occur in the society.
从上面的图表来看社会确实发生了变化。
08
常用表示强调的着重词语
furthermore 此外
moreover 而且
besides 此外
in fact 实际上
also 而且，也
indeed 的确
again 另外，还
in particular 尤其，特别
naturally 当然，自然，必然
【例】Naturally, he denied that he had committed the crime.
他必然不承认自己犯罪了。
Furthermore, they claim that any such interference is completely ineffective.
此外，他们还声称任何这样的干预都是完全无效的。
She saw that there was indeed a man immediately behind her. Moreover, he wasobserving her strangely
她看见真有一个男的紧跟在她身后，而且在怪异地注视自己。
I think a lot of people, women in particular, steer clear of these sensitive issues.
我认为很多人，特别是女性，都会回避这些敏感问题。
09
表示逻辑关系的关联词语
原因、结果关系：so…；as a result of this； consequently； in consequence
转折关系：even though； though；regardless of
并列关系：also； as well as； either…or…
递进关系：not only…but also…； in order to do it…； accordingly
比较关系：when in fact…； similarly；compared with
对比关系：on the contrary； contrary to； conversely
举例关系：as he explains； like, put it simply； for one thing…for another…
强调关系：particularly； to be true； other things being equal
条件关系：if so； if possible； provide that
归纳总结关系：in brief,； in short；the conclusion can be drawn that…
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