高考最常见考状语从句分析

一、in case引导的状语从句

根据语境的不同，in case 既可表示“如果”“万一”，引导条件状语从句；也可表示“以防(万一)”，引导目的状语从句。下面两道真题均选 in case：

1. Leave your key with a neighbor _________ you lock yourself out one day. (北京卷)

A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case

2. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house _________ there is a power cut. (重庆卷)

A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that

【解析】两道题都选 in case，均表示“以防万一”。

小结：in case用作连词时有以下两个用法：

1. 表示条件，意为“如果”“万一”。如：

Dad brought a notebook along to the beach, in case he was seized by sudden inspiration.

爸爸带了一个笔记本去海滩，如果突然有了灵感可以记录下来。

In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.

假如我忘记了，请提醒一下我的诺言。

In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨，就不要等我了。

In case you see him, ask him about it. 如果你见着他，问问他这事。

In case you give me leave, I will start at once.

如果你许可，我立即就动身。

In case you think I was incautious, take a look at the map.

如果你认为我不够仔细，就自己看看地图。

In case I forget, please remind me of my promise. 如果我忘了，请提醒我我的诺言。

In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait. 如果他在我回来之前到，请让他等等我。

2. 表示目的，意为“以防”“生怕”。如：

In case anyone was following me, I made an elaborate detour

为了防止有人跟踪我，我特地绕了弯路。

Don't forget to take your umbrella in case it rains.

别忘了带伞，下雨好用。

I’m shy of buying shares in case I lose money. 我不敢买股票，怕赔钱。

Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold. 带些暖和的衣服，以防天气变冷。

I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind. 我给你留一个座位，以防你会改变主意。

We took our swimming things in case we happened to find a pool. 我们带上游泳用品，以备万一能找到一个水池。

注：有时中间的谓语由 should构成，强调偶然性，可译为“万一”：

I wrote down her address in case I should forget it. 我写下了她的地址，以防万一我忘了。

I always slept by the phone in case he should ring during the night. 我总是睡在电话机旁边，怕万一他夜间打电话来。

I like to keep a few envelopes about in case I need them.

我喜欢在手头留存一些信封，以备不时之需。

You must remind him to take his medicine, in case he forgets.

你要钉着他吃药，别让他忘了。

I was going to get out of the building in case it went up

我怕大楼起火，正打算要跑出去。

I had to keep the video camera readily accessible in case I saw something that needed to befilmed.

我必须将摄像机放在触手可及的地方，以便需要拍摄时用得上。

He left the door ajar in case I needed him.

他虚掩房门，以防我会需要他。

二、before引导的状语从句

尤其要注意“it+be+一段时间+before…”这一句型。如：

1. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _________ we meet them again. (安徽卷)

A. after B. before C. since D. when

2. He was told that it would be at least three more months _________ he could recover and return to work. (江西卷)

A. when B. before C. since D. that

【解析】两道题均 before。第1题涉及的句式为：It will be a long time before…，意思是“要过很久才会……”；第2题涉及的句式为：it was some time before…，意思是“在……之前过了一段时间”，通常可转译为“要过一段时间才会(能)……”。

小结：

1.It was/will be+时间段+before... 过多长时间将发生某动作或事情；或过了多久发生了某事或动作。（will处也可以用 would 、may等）

eg:It was three years before he finished the work.他花了三年才完成这项工作.

It will be three years before he finishes the work.他得花三年才能完成这项工作.

It was some time before the door opened in response to his ring.

他按完门铃后过了一会儿门才打开。

其否定句型表示：没有过多长时间就……

2、It won't be/take long before...不久就会…，很快就……

eg:It won't be long before he finishes the work.他不久就会完成这项工作.

It won't be long before the storm blows itself out.

暴风雨很快会停的。

It won't be long before you regret what you have done.

用不了多久，你就会对你所做的是感到后悔的。

It won't be long before your the boss.

要不了多久你就会当老板了。

Whether you've lost a job or a girlfriend, it won't take long before someone tells you, Dustyourself off. Time heals all wounds.

无论你是失去了工作还是女朋友，要不了多久就会有人告诉你，重新振作起来，时间会治愈所有的伤痛。

三、while 引导的状语从句

尤其要注意 while 表示“尽管”“虽然”时的用法（此时它引导的不是时间状语从句，而是让步状语从句——此用法许多同学并不熟悉，值得特别注意!）。如：

_________ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. (山东卷)

A. As B. Since C. If D. While

【解析】答案选D。while 在此表示“尽管”“虽然”，又如：While the work was difficult, it was interesting. 尽管工作有难度，但很有趣。/ While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。

另外，while 表示对比的用法也值得注意（此时它表示“而”）。如：

The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _____D_____ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. (天津卷)

A. since B. when C. as D. while

四、when引导的状语从句

对于 when 的用法，同学们最熟悉的是表示“当……的时候”。如：

—Where’s that report?

—I brought it to you _________ you were in Mr. Black’s office yesterday. (北京卷)

A. if B. when C. because D. before

【解析】答案选B。将四个选项逐一填入空格处，只有填when时，意思最通顺。句意为：当你昨天在布莱克先生办公室时我就带给你了。

但是 when 还有一个用法，就是表示“既然”。如：

Why do you want a new job ______D_____ you’ve got such a good one already? (全国卷)

A. that B. where C. which D. when

还有一点也需注意，就是when表示“这时(突然)”的用法。如：

1. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _____B_____ I heard the steps. (湖南卷)

A. while B. when C. since D. after

2. He was about halfway through his meal _____C_____ a familiar voice came to his ears. (辽宁卷)

A. why B. where C. when D. while

五、unless 引导的状语从句

unless 的意思是“如果不……”“除非”，对于涉及 unless 的考题，一般只要能读懂句意，弄清语境，一般不会有问题。如：

1. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but _________ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest. (湖南卷)

A. why B. how C. unless D. where

2. I won’t call you, _________ something unexpected happens. (全国I)

A. unless B. whether C. because D. while

【解析】两道题都选unless，均表示“除非”。

六、until 引导的状语从句

until 的意思是“直到……时”“在……之前”，对于涉及 until 的考题，一般只要能读懂句意，弄清语境，一般不会有问题。如：

It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____A____ we’ve actually had that lesson. (天津卷)

A. until B. after C. since D. when

另外，还要注意not…until…这一句式（直到……才）。如：

“You can’t have this football back ____D____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly. (广东卷)

A. because B. since C. when D. until

七、once引导的状语从句

once的意思是“一旦”，对于涉及once的考题，一般只要能读懂句意，弄清语境，一般不会有问题。如：

1. You will be successful in the interview _________ you have confidence. (福建卷)

A. before B. once C. until D. though

2. _________ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem (生态系统) to recover. (江苏卷)

A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once

【解析】两道题都选 once，均表示“一旦”。

八、where引导的状语从句

where可以用于引导地点状语从句，其意为“在……的地方”，此用法许多同学都不是熟悉，但高考经常考查，应引起特别注意。如：

1. If you are traveling _________ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. (天津卷)

A. in which B. what C. when D. where

2. —Mom, what did your doctor say?

—He advised me to live _________ the air is fresher. (四川卷)

A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where

【解析】两道题都选 where，均表示“在……的地方”。