一、掌握宾语从句的概念
宾语从句即指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。如:
I hope you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得愉快。
Ask him which he wants. 问他要哪一个。
He began to think about what he should do. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。
二、注意宾语从句的时态
若主句为一般现在时,宾语从句的时态可根据情况使用任意时态;但若主句为一般过去时,则宾语从句必须要用过去的某种时态与主句呼应。比较:
He says he is busy. 他说他很忙。
He said he was busy. 他说他很忙。
I know you will agree. 我知道你会同意的。
I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的。
注意,当宾语的内容表示的是客观真理时,则用一般现在时。如:
The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 老师说,地球绕着太阳转。
三、明确宾语从句的语序
宾语从句尾名词性从句,不管用什么样的引导词引导,宾语从句的语序总是用陈述语序。如:
She asked when she could leave. 她问她何时可以离开。
Please tell me what you need. 请告诉我你需要什么。
四、分清宾语从句的引导词
1. 用that引导。that只起引导词作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,且通常可以省略。如:
We think (that) he will help us. 我们认为他会帮助我们。
He said (that) he was good at English. 他说他擅长英语。
I know (that) he is very busy. 我知道他很忙。
2. 用 if 或 whether 引导。if 和 whether 引导宾语从句,不充当句子成分,但有词义,表示“是否”。如:
I don’t know if [whether] he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。
She asked if [whether] that was enough. 她问那是否够了。
I wonder whether [if] it is true. 我不知道是不是真的。
3. 用连接代词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接代词有what, who, whom, which, whose等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序,而不用疑问句词序。如:
She asked who would like to go. 她问谁愿意去。
Tell me whose wallet this is. 告诉我这是谁的钱包.
what引导宾语从句时,有时表示“什么”,有时表示“…所…的”。比较:
I asked what he needed. 我问他需要什么。
I gave him what he needed. 我给了他所需要的东西。
4. 用连接副词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接副词有when, how, where, why等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序,而不用疑问句词序。如:
He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。
Tell us how you are getting on now. 告诉我们你现在过得怎样?
I can’t tell you why she is crying. 我不能告诉你她为什么哭。
He didn’t say when he would return. 他没有说什么时候回来。
五、宾语从句与形式宾语 it
当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。如:
I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
He hasn’t made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。
六、宾语从句与否定转移
当动词 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定通常转移到主句。(小编将专题讲述否定转移,敬请期待)如:
I don’t think that it is worth doing.. 我认为这不值得做。
I don’t believe that he will help us. 我相信他不会来。
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