不定式完成式句法功能 分析

不定式完成式所表的动作发生在谓语动词之前，它在句子中可以用作以下句子成分：

一、用作主语。如：

To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable. 两次犯同样的错误是不可原谅的。

To have told my secret would have given me away. 要是讲出了我的秘密就是把我自己出卖了。

二、用作表语。如：

He seems to have been sick. 他好像生病了。

I was to have left yesterday. 我本来打算昨天出发的。

No harm seems to have been done. 似乎没有造成损失。

三、用作宾语。如：

He claimed to have reached the top of the mountain. 他声称已攀上那座山的顶峰。

By 1992，he hopes to have opened a branch overseas. 到1992年，他希望能在海外开一分店。

四、用作定语。如：

There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me. 没有必要给我买一双新鞋。

She’s the only scientist to have won three Nobel prizes. 她是惟一得过3次诺贝尔奖的科学家。

She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. 她是第一个被选到这个职位的妇女。

五、用作状语。如：

You’re far too clever to have done that. 你太聪明了不会这样做。

He is too young to have seen the old society. 他太年轻，没有见过旧社会。

六、用作宾补。如：

I believe it to have been a mistake. 我认为这一直就是错的。

These letters show him to have been a lovable character. 这些信表明他是一个可爱的人物。

His record shows him to have worked hard at school. 他的成绩单说明他在学校很用功。

七、用作主补。如：

He was later discovered to have been a spy. 后来发现他原来是间谍。

The game was originally scheduled to have taken place in Rome. 这场球赛原本定在罗马举行。