省略在口语中运用是比比皆是，说明省略对于口语或听力考试是多么的重要；特别注意省略还是英语表达和写作的一大比较高级的技巧，使文章简洁生动，神韵自然；如果想冲985或211大学，必须尽可能掌握好以下关于省略的一些知识点:
可省略的成分
省略大致可归纳为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。在很多情况下，这两种省略存在着交叉的关系，即有时既是功能词的省略，同时又是语法结构上的省略。
A． 功能词的省略
功能词指的是没有完整意义，但有语法意义的词，如冠词、介词、助动词等。英语句子结构的简洁，首先表现在功能词的省略上。
1．冠词的省略
They elected John (the) monitor of the class. 他们选约翰当班长。
A man and (a) woman are talking in the office. 办公室一男一女正在谈话。
He could not understand why there was no noise coming from the house, not even the sound of the radio or (the) television. 他不明白为什么从屋子里一点响声也没传出来，甚至连收音机和电视机的声音也没有。
提示：
在英语新闻标题、告示中，经常省略冠词。
Chinese President Stresses Role of Working Class 中国国家主席强调工人阶级作用 （新闻标题 = The Chinese President Stresses the Role of the Working Class）
People Rebuild Homes After Flood 洪水退后人民重建家园（新闻标题 = The People Rebuild Their Homes After the Flood）
DO NOT SPEAK TO DRIVER WHILE BUS IS IN MOTION 汽车在行驶时请勿和司机讲话。（告示 = Do not speak to the driver while the bus is in motion）
2．代词的省略
I went to the market, (I) bought something useful, and (I) returned home within an hour. 我去了市场，买了点有用的东西，一小时之内就回来了。
They didn't like it, yet (they) said nothing. 他们并不喜欢它，可是什么话也没说。
(It) Doesn't matter. 这不碍事。
(You) Had a good time, didn't you 玩得开心，是吧？
I like your two small bottles, but I don't like the smallest (one). 我喜欢你的两只小瓶子，但我不喜欢最小的那一只。
3．连词的省略
We are delighted (that) you can come. 你能来，我们很高兴。
I believe (that) you will succeed．我相信你们会成功的。
It's a pity (that) he's leaving. 他要走，真遗憾。
4．关系词的省略
I'll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。
He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。
It wasn't I (who) let him in. 不是我放他进来的。
It happened on the day (when) we first met. 这发生在我们初次见面的那一天。
There is a man (who) wants to see you. 有个人想要见你。
5．助动词的省略
(Does) Anyone want a drink 有谁要喝一杯吗？
Who (do) you think you are 你以为你是谁？（在特殊疑问句中，当主语是第二人称时，助动词do可省略）
I (have) got to go now. 我得走了。
6．不定式符号的省略
I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. 我希望做完事回家。（当几个不定式并列时，一般只需在第一个不定式前用to）
What we could do was (to) get away. （主语从句中含有do，那么作表语的动词不定式往往省略to）
7．介词的省略
He went (in) that way. 他往那边去了。
The two boys are (of) the same age. 这两个男孩年龄一样大。
I am in doubt (about) whether this is right or not. 我拿不定主意这对不对。
You may come to see me (at) any time between 4 and 5. 你在4点到5点之间随时都可以来见我。
She must have stayed here (for) a long time. 她在这里一定呆了很久了。
8．引导词there的省略
(There) Ought to be some coffee in the pot. 壶里应该有些咖啡的。
(There) Must be somebody waiting for you. 肯定有人在等你。
B． 句子成分的省略
为了避免重复，或者为了使某一内容显要注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。
1．省略主语
Hope so. 希望如此。（= I hope so.）
Beg your pardon. 请你原谅。（= I beg your pardon.）
Take care! 当心！（= You take care.）
Looks as if it will rain. 看起来像要下雨。（= It looks as if it will rain.）
Serves you right. 你活该！（= It serves you right.）
注意：
祈使句主语通常省略（如Take care! 当心！）。但有时为了明确对方，可加上主语。
You feed the bird today, will you 今天你喂鸟，好吗？
Somebody answer the phone, please. 请来个人接一下电话。
2．省略谓语
Anything the matter？要紧吗？（= Is anything the matter）
Who next 该谁了？（= Who comes next）
Just a moment, please. 请等一会儿。（= Just wait a moment, please.）
The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。（= The river was deep and the ice was thin.）
We'll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。（= We'll do the best we can do.）
What we can't get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的似乎要比我们已经得到的要好。（= What we can't get seems better than what we have got.）
3．省略表语
Are you ready Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗？ 我准备好了。（am后面省略了表语ready）
He is a lover of sports as he was in his youth. 他还是像年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。（was后面省略了表语a lover of sports）
China has been, and still is, the most populous country in the world. 中国过去是，而且现在还是世界上人口最多的国家。 （= China has been the most populous country in the world and still is the most populous country in the world.）
4．省略宾语
We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们必须分析问题解决问题。（analyze后省略了宾语problems）
I struck match after match, but could not light. 我划了一根又一根火柴，但一根也没划着。（light后省略了宾语a match）
Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry. 让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（wash和dry后面省略了宾语dishes）
5．省略定语
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 他花了一部分钱，其余的他都存了起来。（the rest后面省略了定语of the money）
6．省略状语
(Even) The wisest man cannot know everything. 即使最聪明的人也不能无所不知。
Mary spoke (rudely), and John answered rudely. 玛丽说得粗鲁，约翰答得也粗鲁。
He was not hurt. (How) Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！
三、 省略在句子中的运用
在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。
A． 简单句中的省略
1．依赖上下文的省略，在对话中最为常用。
Like more beer 再要点啤酒吗？（= Would you like more beer）
— Would you mind if I used your telephone 用一下你的电话，你介意吗？
— Not at all. 一点也不。（= I do not mind at all.）
— Will he pass this examination他这次考试会通过吗？
— Probably. 大概会的。（= He will probably pass the examination.）
2．不依赖于上下文的省略。
All aboard! 请上船。（=All go aboard. 省略谓语）
What exciting news! 多么令人激动的消息啊！(= What exciting news it is! 省略主语+谓语)
Sounds like a good idea. 听上去是个好主意。(= It sounds like a good idea. 省略主语)
Everybody appears well prepared. 看起来大家都准备好了。（=Everybody appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式to be）
B． 并列句中的省略
并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、谓语动词、宾语或其它成分，或句子成分的一部分。
1．省略出现在后一分句。
John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music. 约翰喜欢集邮但不喜欢听音乐。（省略主语）
Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested. 有些书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应当吞食下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。（省略谓语）
I have been to Beijing and (I have) seen the Great Wall. 我到过北京，见到了万里长城。（省略主语+助动词）
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to (see the film). 我请他去看电影，但他不想去。（省略作宾语的不定式）
2．省略出现在前一分句。
We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will, win tomorrow's match. 我们能够，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。（前一分句省略谓语+宾语）
I wished (to find him), yet feared to find him. 我又想找到他，又怕找到他。
3．前后两个分句都出现省略。
They can (pay the full fee) and (they) should pay the full fee. 他们能够也应该支付全部费用。
I'll fly to (Guangzhou), but (I'll) drive back from Guangzhou. 我将飞往广州，但开车回来。
C．复合句中的省略
在主从复合句中，省略的现象是很普遍的。
1．省略主句的句首部分。
(I'm) Sorry I couldn't go. 很抱歉，我不能去。
(Is there) Nothing more you want to say 你没什么要补充吗？
2．省略整个主句或主句的一部分（回答问题时常用）。
(It is a ) Pity he's failed. 很遗憾，他失败了。
If he says he'll come, he will (come). 如果他说来，他就一定会来。
What (will happen) if it's raining 如果天下雨怎么办？
— Where is it 那东西在哪里？
—(It is) Where you left it. 就在你放的地方。
— How are you getting on with your English 你的英语学得怎么样？
— (I'm) Not (getting on) so well as I expected.没有我预计的那样好。
— Will you go abroad soon 你很快要出国吗？
— (I'll) Not (go abroad) until I graduate from the college next summer. 要到明年夏天大学毕业后才走。
3．在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。
①以when, while, once, until等连词引导的时间状语从句
When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does. 入国问禁，入乡随俗。
Whenever (it is) possible, you should speak English as much as you can. 在任何可能的时间，你应多讲英语。（省略的主语it并不和主句的主语一致）
Please come as soon as (it is) possible. 请尽快来。
注意：
由连词before和after引导的时间状语从句，如省略了主语和be之后，before和after就成了介词。
The old machine must be checked before it is used. 这台旧机器在使用前必须检查。
②以as if, as though等连词引导的方式状语从句
She lay there, as if (she was) dead. 她躺在那儿，好像死了。（省略的主语和主句的主语一致）
He opened his lips as if (he were going) to say something. 他张开嘴唇，好像要说什么话似的。
③以if, unless等连词引导的条件状语从句
We shall start at eight, if (it is) convenient. 如果方便的话，我们八点钟出发。
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences, if (there are) any. 如果下面句子中有错，请加以改正。
English words are easily forgotten unless (they are) constantly repeated. 英语单词不经常重复是很容易忘记的。
④以even if, even though, though, although, whether等连词引导的让步状语从句
Frost is possible, though (it is) not probable, even at the end of May. 甚至在五月底下霜也是可能的，虽然可能性不太大。
Whether (it is) difficult or not, we will try our best to complete the task. 不管任务是否艰巨，我们都要尽力去完成。
Whatever the cause (may be), the result is certain. 不论原因是什么，结果是确定的。
Though (he is) young, he knows a lot. 他虽然年轻但懂得很多。
4．在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉。
①省略谓语的全部
James enjoys the theatre more than Susan. 詹姆斯比苏姆更喜欢戏剧。（Susan后省略了enjoys the theatre）
Tom has as many books as Jack. 汤姆有跟杰克一样多的书。（Jack后省略了has many books）
②省略主语和谓语的一部分
Brown speaks French as fluently as English. 布朗说法语和英语一样流利。（as后省略了he speaks）
She was more angry than frightened. 与其说她害怕，倒不如说她生气。（than后省略了She was）
③省略表语部分
Mrs White is not so young as she looks. 怀特夫人没有看上去那样年轻。（looks后省略了young）
The situation is much more delicate than it seems. 情况要比表面上看起来微妙得多。（seems后省略了delicate）
④省略主语和谓语的大部分，保留状语
He is working harder than before. 他现在工作比过去努力多了。（than后省略了he worked hard）
There are as many students in our school as in their school. 我们学校的学生和他们学校的学生一样多。（as后省略了there are many students）
⑤省略主语
He drank a little more than was good for him. 他喝酒稍有一点过量。（than后省略了it）
⑥省略宾语
You spent more money than I had expected. 你花掉的钱比我预料的多。（expected后省略了that you should spend）
I was able to borrow as many books as (what) I asked for. 我想要的许多书如数借到。
5．主句和从句中可同时省略一些成分。
The sooner (this is done), the better (it will be). 越快越好。
(If you take) No pains, (you will make) no gains. （谚）不劳则无获。
C． 使用替代词的省略
我们在省略句子某些成分时，有时还必须加上适当的替代词，如do, so, one等，以保持句子意思的完整。
1．do
do用来代替动词或动词加其他成分。
I know you better than he does. 我比他更了解你。（he does等于he knows you）
--- Have you finished your work
--- Yes, I did yesterday. （did替代finished my work）
2．so
so在expect, think, imagine, hope, suppose, believe等词后面，代替单词、词组或句子。
She became a loyal friend to me and remains so. 她成了我的一个忠诚的朋友，而且一直如此。（so替代a loyal friend）
--- Has she ever been to London 她曾到过伦敦吗
--- I don't think so. 我想她没去过。（= I don't think she has been to
London.)
3．not
not代替否定的句子，用法和so相似。
--- Will it rain tomorrow 明天会下雨吗
--- I hope not. 我希望不会。（= I hope it won't rain tomorrow.）
--- Can you come next week 你下星期能来吗
--- I'm afraid not. 恐怕我不能来。(= I'm afraid that I can not come.)
4．the same
the same可代替词组或从句。
The mother swept the floor and her child did the same. 母亲扫地, 孩子也跟着干。（the same代替swept the floor）
Kate ordered two fried eggs. I ordered the same. 凯特点了两个煎鸡蛋，我也点了同样的菜。（the same代替two fried eggs）
These oranges are just as sour as the last ones we had. They taste the same. 这些桔子和我们上次吃的一样酸。他们味道一样。（the same代替as sour as the last ones we had）
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