从2015年下半年,小学教师资格证中的教育教学知识与能力的最后一题,也就是教学设计题,采取六选一的考法,总共有语数外音体美六门。本文主要针对从2015年下半年开始所有考过的英语的教学设计题进行分析,并给出答题思路。
首先,第一部分是历年真题展示,通过最直观的方式,呈现出到底真题怎么考。
【2015年下真题】
请根据上述材料完成下列任务:
(1)简述英语游戏教学的作用。(10分)
(2)如何指导小学生学习,试拟定教学目标(10分)
(3)根据拟定的教学目标,设计导入和操练环节的教学活动并说明设计理由(20分)
【2016年上真题】
(1)简述英语课程创设意境的方法(10分)
(2)如何指导小学生学习,试拟定教学目标(10分)
(3)根据拟定的教学目标,设计导入和操练环节的教学活动并说明设计理由(20分)
【2016年下真题】
(1)简述英语儿歌的特点。(10分)
(2)如何指导小学生学习,试拟定教学目标(10分)
(3)根据拟定的教学目标,设计导入和操练环节的教学活动并说明设计理由(20分)
【2017年上真题】
(1)简述英语歌曲在教学中的作用(10分)
(2)如何指导小学生学习,试拟定教学目标(10分)
(3)根据拟定的教学目标,设计导入和操练环节的教学活动并说明设计理由(20分)
第二部分,历年真题考题形式整理。目前,英语教学设计题总共考过4次,将所有真题进行展示整理后,不难发现其中的规律。每年都会考三道题,将4次考试的题目整理为如下:
三个问题:
(1)教学手段的作用、方法等 10分
2015年下 简述英语游戏教学的作用
2016年上 简述英语课程创设情境的方法
2016年下 简述英语儿歌的特点
2017年上 简述英语歌曲在教学中的作用
(2)教学目标 10分
(3)设计导入与操练环节,并说明理由 20分
通过以上整理,我们可以发现,教学目标是每年必考的题目,并且第三题中考察教学设计,每年考察的都是导入和操练环节,这是因为在小学英语教学中,导入和操练环节是最为重要的环节,也是最能考察教师能力的部分。那么也就是说只要掌握好教学目标和导入、操练环节的写法,就可以顺利完成第二三题。
最后关于第一题,主要考察教学手段的作用和方法,也是存在共同之处的。因为是小学英语所以所有的教学环节的设计都有激发学生学习兴趣的作用,这可以说是万能的一句话。小学英语和初中英语在教法上有着很大的差别,这是因为小学生自身的身心发展特点所造成。小学生的身心发展还不完善,注意力很难长时间的维持,并且思维是以具体形象思维为主,所以在小学英语教学中多采用一些直观的、游戏性的教法。因此,考生在回答问题时,可以从小学生的身心发展特点来思考教学手段的作用和方法。
那么这时候我们在回过头来看第二题教学目标的写法。小学英语的教学目标的写法套路性很强。
小学英语的三维目标写法如下:
(一)知识与技能(knowledge & skill /Knowledge objectives/aim)
掌握语音、词汇、语法、功能、话题——学什么
①Students can say and write important words, such as...
②Students will be able to grasp five new words & phrases...
③Students will know three important sentence structures to ask and answer questions about...
④Students can grasp the general idea of the whole passage and be able to retell the main idea of the passage
⑤Students will get familiar with the...
⑥Students know more about the problem of pollution.
(二)过程与方法(process & method /Ability objectives/aim)
提升学生的听说读写能力(综合语言运用能力)——怎么用
①Students can use the sentence structure ....to talk about ...(话题)
②Develop their ability to discover, analyze and solve problems
③Train them to collect information from the Internet.
④Train them with some effective learning methods to optimize Ss’ learning results.
⑤Students can find and tell ... from different ways.
⑥Students will strengthen their independent living abilities and form a reasonable and scientific living habit.
(三)情感态度与价值观(emotional , attitude & values /Emotional objectives/aim)
强调以学生的发展为本,培养积极的人生态度、高尚的道德情操,形成正确的价值观
①激发学习英语的兴趣
stimulate interest
②发展合作与竞争的精神
develop the spirit of cooperation and competition
③培养(保护环境、跨文化等)的意识
learn the environmental/cross-cultural awareness
④认识到(注意饮食卫生等)的重要性
realize the importance of healthy diet
⑤养成(读书、运动等)的好习惯
develop the habit of reading
⑥学会(关心他人、乐于助人等)
learn to ...
通过以上三维目标写法的整理,考生已经可以掌握教学目标的写法,再多加练习即可。
最后就是重中之重的导入和操练环节的设计。英语课的课型主要有听说课和阅读课这两大类。目前考试只考听说课,下图展示了英语听说课的教学设计环节。
那么关于小学英语的教学设计的导入环节和其他学科的导入环节稍有不同。英语的导入环节前面有一个热身环节,也就是说在写答案的时候最好写成:warming up & leading in,这样更能显示出专业性。在warming up 环节多采用问好的形式或是chant的形式,有时候chant的内容与所要教授的内容一致时,也可以直接通过chant来进行导入。Chant比如:how are you,up and down,shake body等,考生可以自己在网上查找资料。那么在leading in环节,主要的方法有歌曲导入、视频导入、图片导入、问题导入、实物导入、实景导入、游戏导入等。例如:小学英语课文《how many》的导入环节可以这样设计:
Warm-up/ lead-in
1.Daily greetings
2.Singing: sing the song “Ten Indians” with students and ask students to review the numbers.
Intentions: students like singing the song, which can concentrate their attentions on the class quickly. And the revision of numbers they have learnt can also make a foundation for what they will learn in this lesson.
再接着看第二个环节操练环节的设计。一般来说英语课的practice是非常重要,一堂英语课主要通过练习让学生当堂掌握所学的内容,所以操练环节非常重要。有些时候presentation和practice环节没有太明确的区分,可能在presentation的时候已经开始practice了,所以有些教案会将presentation&practice放在一起写,那在考试过程中,可以只写practice环节,如果考生将presentation&practice放在一起设计了,那就将两个部分合在一起写,也是可以的。例如,下图这种形式就是将presentation&practice放在一起开展,学习一个操练一个。
Step2: presentation
1.Show the picture with the part of kites covered, and ask students to guess what the two kids are looking at, then lead to the word ‘kites’ and ‘Look at the kites!’
2.Show the whole picture and lead students to discuss it with the number and color words. Pay attention to the pronunciation of 12.
3.Play the record of the dialogue, and answer the question “How many kites do you see?”
4. Listening to the tape with books opened, and letting them find out the right answer by themselves.
5. Following the tape to imitate the pronunciation.
Intentions: the new words are lead out naturally so that Ss can acquire them easily. The pronunciation in tape is vivid, and the kids may think it interesting, so that they can have deep impression on it.
Step 3: Practice
1.Pair work: play the role of the dialogue
2.Group presentation: play the dialogue
3.Find and count: students use the sentence pattern ‘how many … do you see? I see…’ to discuss the dialogue.
Intentions: through the role-play, students can show themselves bravely, so that to cultivate their self-confidence and to raise their learning interest.
将上述三道题的写法,讲完之后再选一道真题,带领学员一起做一下真题,这时候学员会发现真题并不难。
例如选择最近的2017年的真题。
(1)简述英语歌曲在教学中的作用(10分)
①极大地激发学生英语学习兴趣,一方面,英语儿歌虽然选材广泛,但是大都贴近小学生的学习和日常生活,而且节奏欢快,郎朗上口,因此,不仅是很好地教学手段,还可以及大地吸引学生学习兴趣。
②有利于学生英语思维的培养,英语儿歌都是最地道最正宗的英文表达,通过学习和跟唱英语儿歌,学生在潜移默化间便可以感受已经于语言规律,因此有利于学生英语思维的培养,为学生以后开口说英语提供了前提准备
③有效导入课堂内容或者新授内容,歌曲是最常用也是最好用的切入新课的方式,通过学唱歌曲可以让学生在提前对新课内容有所感知,这样学生在学习新的内容时会感觉很熟悉,使学生很自然的融入到学习当中,轻轻松松掌握新知识。同时也为对话或者课文的开展做好铺垫,起到承上启下的作用。
④可以有效调节课堂气氛,活跃课堂教学,小学生又正处于活泼好动的年龄段,英语儿歌曲调优美,节奏明快,因此让学生学唱英语儿歌,可以有效缓解紧张的学习气氛,让小学生在快乐的、无意识的情况下掌握语言知识,同时,这也符合小学生的认知水平和接受能力。
⑤可以有效帮助学生掌握记忆语言知识,儿歌在小学英语教学中有不可低估的作用,它能将相关的几个单词连成一体,将相关的句子联系在一起,歌词重复率很高,因此它能够加深学生对语言知识的印象,帮助学生快速记忆单词。
以上答案比较全面,考生可以选择几点进行回答就可以了。
(2)如何指导小学生学习,试拟定教学目标(10分)
Knowledge aims:
Ss are able to master some new words, such as: pig, hen...
Ss can master the following sentence pattern: How many.....?
Ss will review some words about numbers: one, two...
Ss are able to make a understand the “Look and Say” and “Ask and Answer” part and role play them after this lesson.
Ability aims:
Ss are able to talk about the kinds animals on a farm after today’s lesson
Ss’ ability of listening and speaking can be greatly stimulated through a series of activities and group discussion.
Ss are able to make a dialogue themselves based on the sentence pattern and words learnt.
Moral aims:
Ss’ interests to the farm will be aroused and know the importance of grain conservation.
Ss’ awareness of team-work can be cultivated.
(3)根据拟定的教学目标,设计导入和操练环节的教学活动并说明设计理由(20分)
Warming up and leading in
1.play a word chain game for warming up.
2.Ss listen to the song “old macdonald had a farm” and answer the following questions:
T: Do you like the song, children?
Ss: .....
T: What does it about?
Ss:...
Intentions: Ss’ interests of learning can be greatly stimulated through the word chain game. Besides, Ss can review some words they’ve learnt. Through the chant, we can not only lead in today’s topic, Ss will be more willing to take part in today’s lesson.
Practice:
1.Ss read the new words of “Look and Learn” part following tape. Teacher should help Ss to pronounce the words properly, especially the pronunciation of “hen”.
Then, play the What’s missing game to practice the new words. The one who can write the words. The one who can write the words can get extra points.
2.Ss read the “Look and Say” part in pairs, then are divided into 4groups and encouraged to make a new dialogue based the :Look and Say” and “Ask and Answer” and show it.
3.Teacher and Ss play the sentence dragon game.
Intentions: Ss can master knowledge in a relaxed atmosphere which is helpful to arouse their interests of learning English. Trough a series of activities, teacher can help Ss for create a friendly relationship between teacher and Ss. Trough the communicative method to improve Ss’ communicative skills.
经过以上对小学教师资格证英语教学设计的真题分析及答题技巧分析,相信学员可以掌握小学英语教学设计的题目。
精彩评论