介词的宾语通常是名词、代词或动名词,但有时也可以是从句、不定式、形容词甚至介词短语等。但大家要特别注意以下三种特殊情况:

(1) 从句用作介词宾语

介词后接从句作宾语时,通常不能是that 从句,遇此情况应在介词后加上the fact。如:

The judge paid no attention to the fact that she had just lost her husband. 法官根本不理会她刚刚失去丈夫这事实。(其中的 the fact 不可省略)

但是,表示“除……外”的介词 except, but 后可直接跟 that 从句。如:

He has not changed at all except that he is no longer so talkative. 他一点也没变,只是不像以前那样爱说话了。

(2) 动词用作介词宾语比较复杂

介词后接动词作宾语时,该动词通常要用动名词形式。如:

She was late because of missing the bus. 她迟到了,因为没有赶上公共汽车。

但是,表示“除……外”的介词 except, but 后通常接不定式作宾语,且这个不定式有时带to(若其前没有动词do),有时不带 to(若其前有动词do)。如:

He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿。

I can do everything except cook. 除了做饭我什么事都会做。

不过,表示“除……外(还)”的besides却通常要后接动名词。如:

The play was badly acted, besides being far too long. 这出戏除了太长之外, 演得也不好。

(3) 介词短语用作介词宾语

用后接介词短语作宾语的介词不多,最常见的是from,其次还有since, until, till等。如:

The phrase has been in wide use from before 1950’s. 这个词组从五十年代前起就被广泛运用了。

She’s lived there since before the war. 她从战前就一直住在那里。

The secret was never told until after the old man’s death. 这个秘密在老人去世后才说出来。

知识拓展:

介词宾语的两个易错点

介词的宾语主要是名词代词,但要注意以下几点:

1. 动词作宾语:动词作介词的宾语原则上要用动名词。如:

He went back to London without having achieved any success. 他毫无成就地回到伦敦。

但是,表示“除……外”的介词 except, but 后通常接不定式作宾语,且这个不定式有时带to(若其前没有动词do),有时不带 to(若其前有动词do)。如:

I had no choice but to wait. 除了等,我没有别的选择。

She was willing to do anything except tell me her name. 她怎么都行,就是不肯把她的名字告诉我。

2. 从句作宾语:能用作介词宾语的从句是以指疑问句开头的句子。如:

She is sorry for what she said. 她对她所说的话表示歉意。

We talked about how we could cooperate. 我们谈到该怎样合作。

注意,that从句通常不能用作介词宾语,遇此情况应在介词后加上 the fact。如:

They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。(其中的 the fact 不可省略)

但是,表示“除……外”的介词 except, but 后可直接跟 that 从句。如:

This suit fits me well except that the trousers are too long. 这套衣服我穿很合适,只是裤子太长。

介词宾语值三大考点分析