事实上be done结构，不仅仅表达被动语态的语法内容，也可以表示状态，如They were married. That cup is broken. They were lost. The flower is gone（枯萎）. He is dressed in a white coat.
这里所罗列的是——用主语结构而表示被动的含义的动词。
1.系动词，使用主动语态而表示被动的含义
2.want, need, require, deserve后接doing形式，可表示to be done的含义
3.表示“度量”的一些动词，可使用主动表被动的含义，如measure, weigh, fit等
4.当物作以下动词的主语，read, eat, write, wash, clean, cook, bake, burn, draw, open, cut, lock, drive, sell, kill等（而表达这个“物”的性质与特征、性能）
1） 同时有can’t, won’t, wouldn’t或don’t/doesn’t与上述动词连用，主动结构的形式，表示被动的含义；
2） 上述动词后接副词如well, badly, easily, smoothly, perfectly, quickly等时，用主动结构表达被动的含义。
5.be worth + doing而不使用be worth being done的结构
相对应的be worthy of sth/ of being done, be worthy to be done的结构
6.begin, start, finish, end，当物作其主语时，可使用主动表达被动的意义
7.一些介词结构可以表达相对应的被动含义，如
under construction/discussion/consideration/ investigation/ repair/ review/ trial/ arrest/ attack
on sale, in sight, in print, in question, in design, on display/show, out of control/sight,
in control of, in the control of, in possession of, in the possession of,
8.there be +名词/代词 + to do与there be +名词/代词 + to be done的差异
9.hurt/cut/burn oneself结构，也可用主动结构表达被动的含义
10.注意——不可用被动语态的常考词语
1） 表“发生”的词语：happen, occur, take place, come about
2） belong to
3） date back to或同义的date from
4） prove (to be)或同义的turn out (to be)
5） to let
6） to blame
1.系动词，使用主动语态而表示被动的含义
常见的系动词有：
become, get, fall, grow, come, go, run, turn, turn out, prove
keep, stay, remain, sit, stand, lie
look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem,
还有act, marry, die, blow, drop, hold, rest等。
2.want, need, require, deserve后接doing形式，可表示to be done的含义
want, need, require + doing，此中的doing可用to be done结构表达。
如The house wants/needs repairing/to be repaired.
——例证自不必多讲了。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第580页deserve词条
deserve应受；应得；值得
The story deserves telling. (= the story should be told; the story is important enough to tell)
这个故事值得一讲。
《英汉多功能学习词典》第415页deserve词条
The boy deserves praise. = The boy deserves praising. = The boy deserves to be praised.
这男孩应得到表扬。
What did I do to deserve this? 我究竟干了什么而这么倒霉？
（用于发生坏事时；发生好事情时说I’ve done nothing to deserve such an honor. （我没有干什么事情而获此殊荣）等）
3.表示“度量”的一些动词，可使用主动表被动的含义，如measure, weigh, fit等
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第2373页weigh词条
weigh重量为；有…重
The bananas weigh more than the apples. 那些香蕉比苹果重。
How much do you weigh? 你有多重？
This box weighs a ton. (= is very heavy) 这个箱子太重了。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第1300页measure词条3
measure有…尺寸
The cloth measures 3 metres. 这块布有3米长。
The room measures 15 feet wide by feet long.
这间屋子有15英尺宽40英尺长。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第803页fit词条
fit适合；合身
These shoes fit perfectly. 这双鞋完全合脚。
This calculator will fit nicely/neatly in your shirt pocket.
这个计算器放在你的衬衣口袋里大小刚刚好。
The two pieces fit together perfectly. 这两个部件组装起来刚刚好。
4.当物作以下动词的主语，read, eat, write, wash, clean, cook, bake, burn, draw, open, cut, lock, drive, sell, kill等（而表达这个“物”的性质与特征、性能）
1） 同时有can’t, won’t, wouldn’t或don’t/doesn’t与上述动词连用，主动结构的形式，表示被动的含义；
《牛津英语语法要点精讲》第194页
有少数动词可以用主动语态表示被动意义。
Her latest record is selling in huge numbers. (= It is being sold…)
她的最新唱片正在热销。
This sentence doesn’t read quite right. (=When it is read, it isn’t right.)
这个句子读上去不太对。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第464页cook词条
cook烹饪；烹调
The rice is still cooking, but it will be ready in 10 minutes.
米饭还在煮，再过10分钟就好了。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第142页bake词条
bake（用于食谱，用烤箱烤制）
Wrap the fish in foil and bake for 15 minutes. 用锡纸把鱼包好后烤15分钟。
The turkey has been baking (=roasting) for an hour.
火鸡已经烤了一个小时。
How long has the cake been baking? 蛋糕烤了多长时间？
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第2414页work词条4/5
work（正常）运行，运作，运转
The computer isn’t working (properly). 这台计算机讲话了。
Is the elevator working again? 电梯又能运行了吗？
work起效；奏效；产生预期的效果
The medicine seems to be working. 这药似乎开始奏效了。
Their plan worked. 他们的计划奏效了。
The idea sounds good in theory, but it will never work in practice.
这个主意听起来很合理，但实际上根本行不通。
The commercial doesn’t work for me. (= I don’t like it; it doesn’t affect me the way it is supposed to) 这则广告对我不起作用。
2） 上述动词后接副词如well, badly, easily, smoothly, perfectly, quickly等时，用主动结构表达被动的含义。
《朗文英语语法》第437页
有少数主动动词有时含有被动意义，如This surface cleans easily实际上意谓It can be/is cleaned easily（它容易被弄干净），再如：
These clothes wash well. 这些衣服经洗。
This wine is selling quickly. 这种酒卖得快着呢。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第374页clean词条
clean变干净
The pan has a surface that cleans easily. (= that is easy to clean)
平底锅的表面很容易清洗干净。
《牛津英语语法要点精讲》第194页
This sweater washes well all right in warm water. (= It can be washed…)
这件毛衣可以用温水洗涤。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第2427页write词条7
write（用笔）书写
My pen won’t write smoothly. 我的钢笔写字不滑顺。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第2355页wash词条1
That shirt washes well. (= that shirt can be washed easily and without being damaged)
那件衬衣很耐洗。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第1719页read词条6
read（文字）读起来；写得…
The definition reads awkwardly. (= the definition is awkwardly written)
这个定义读起来真别扭。
This essay will read better if you reorganize it.
如果你重新组织一下，这篇文章会写得更好。
The speech reads well. (= the speech is written well) 这篇发言稿写得好。
5.be worth + doing而不使用be worth being done的结构；
相对应的be worthy of sth/ of being done, be worthy to be done的结构
《英汉多功能学习词典》第1664页worth词条
worth（伴有表示动作的名词）有（做…的）价值；值得（doing）
advice (well) worth taking值得一听的忠告
an event well worth mentioning 值得一提的事情
be worth the extra effort值得再努力做一下
The book is worth reading. = It is worth reading the book. 这本书值得一读。
（不说The book is worth being read.）
但be worthy of being done, be worthy to be done
《英汉多功能学习词典》第1664页worthy词条
worthy（用于动词后）有（接受…）的价值（of…）；值得（做…）（to do）
an act worthy of praise 值得赞赏的行为
an artist worthy of the name名符其实的艺术家
What he did is worthy of punishment.
= What he did is worthy of being punished. 他真是咎由自取。
He is worthy to be our leader in a real sense of the world.
说实话，他当我们的领导很称职。
6.begin, start, finish, end，当物作其主语时，可使用主动表达被动的意义
高考英语考查过。
7.一些介词结构可以表达相对应的被动含义，如
under construction/discussion/consideration/ investigation/ repair/ review/ trial/ arrest/ attack
on sale, in sight, in print, in question, in design, on display/show, out of control/sight,
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第2759页under词条3
under在…过程中
under discussion/consideration/review etc
The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion (= being discussed, considered). 关于是否可以招聘更多员工的问题仍在讨论中。
All categories of expenditure are under review. 各项开支正在审查中。
Four new power stations are currently under construction.
有四座新的发电站目前正在建设中。
8.there be +名词/动词+ to do与to be done的差异
《牛津英语语法：即学即练》第140页
在主语there之后，不定式既可以是主动形式，又可以是被动形式。
There are some letters to write/ to be written today.
There’s a bill to pay/ to be paid.
《牛津英语语法要点精讲》第194页
主语there后面既可用不定式的主动形式也可用其被动形式。
There were several rooms to decorate/to be decorated. 有好几个房间需要装饰。
There’s quite a lot of homework to do/to be done. 有许多家庭作业要做。
但是谈论闲暇活动时通常用主动式。
There are lots of exciting things to do here. 这里有很多刺激的事情可做。
《当代英语语法》（徐广联主编）第1272页
there be +名词（短语）/不定代词+不定式
这种结构中的不定式可用主动式，也可用被动式，含义一般不变，主动式多用于口语中。
有时，这种结构中的主动式和被动式含义不同。例如：
There is nothing to do. 无事可做。
There is nothing to be done. 没有什么办法。
9.hurt/cut/burn oneself结构，也可用主动结构表达被动的含义
《朗文英语语法》第437页
有少数主动动词有时含有被动意义，如This surface cleans easily实际上意谓It can be/is cleaned easily（它容易被弄干净），再如：
These clothes wash well. 这些衣服经洗。
This wine is selling quickly. 这种酒卖得快着呢。
What’s showing at the cinema this week? 这个星期电影院放映什么电影？
Her novel is reprinting already. 她的小说已在再版。
I was hurt in a car crash last summer. 去年夏天，我因车祸受伤。
很自然地回答问题时，通常不用被动语态：
What’s the matter? –I’ve burnt/cut/hurt myself.
你怎么了？——我烫着了/割破了/受伤了。
10.注意——不用被动语态的常考词语
1） 表“发生”的词语：happen, occur, take place, come about
2） belong to
3） date back to或同义的date from
4） prove (to be)或同义的turn out (to be)
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第2016页prove词条2
prove（连系动词）证明是，被发现是，显示出是
The recent revelations may prove embarrassing to the President.
最近披露的事情可能会使总统很尴尬。
prove to be sth
The design proved to be a success. 那个设计后来证明很成功。
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第2741页turn词条
turn out最后结果是，最终成为
turn out well/badly/fine etc
It was a difficult time, but eventually things turns out all right.
那段时期很艰难，不过最后还是好起来了。
That guy turned out to be Maria’s second cousin.
那家伙原来是玛丽亚的远房表兄。
5） to let
《英汉多功能学习词典》第869页let词条
let（英）把（土地、房子等）出租给（别人）（out/to）（美用rent）
a house to let房屋出租
To Let（牌示）出租（美用For Rent）
That apartment is already let out. 那套公寓已经租出去了。
此处的let为及物动词，在文章中写作：
This property is let by the lettings department of Folkard & Hayward.
此房产由福卡德—海沃德公司招租部出租。
此系英国特有的表达方式，美国推出表示为For Rent。
6） to blame
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第207页blame词条
to blame对（坏事）负有责任；应受责备
Who’s to blame for these problems? 谁该为这些问题负责任呢？
He says he’s not to blame for the delays. (= he did not cause the delays)
他说事情的延误不应该怪他。
Poor communication is at least partly to blame. (= at fault)
至少部分原因应当归咎于沟通不善。
不是说blame不可使用被动语态，而是说我们可以使用be to blame可以表达（将要被责备/被指责）被动的含义，高考英语考查过——但事情也并非完全如此，只不过目前的高考英语认可此种考查方式。）。如：
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第195页blame词条
A dropped cigarette is being blamed for the fire.
一根乱扔的烟被认为是这场火灾的肇因。
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第页blame词条
blame指责；责备；责怪；把…归咎（于）
I was blamed for the theft. 我因这次失窃受到责怪。
Delinquency is often blamed on the fact that more mothers are working.
人们常把少年犯罪归咎于有越来越多的母亲外出工作这一事实。
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