一、although 和 though的区别

although 和 though同义:虽然;即使;尽管

1.though 常用于非正式口语和书面语,although 更加正式。

2.当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时,通常用though,而不用although

例句:

Though all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion.

就算全世界都反对我,我还是坚持我的立场。

Though everybody deserts you, I will not.

即使所有人都抛弃你,我也不会的。


3. although 不能放句末

though可以独立用作副词,常放在句末

意思是all the same(还是;仍然)或者however(可是;然而)

She didn’t tell me what she had done, but I know it though.

她没有告诉我她所做的事情,但我还是知道了。

It’s hard work. I enjoy it, though.

工作很苦,可是我喜欢。


4.though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装,although不能

Bravely though she fought, she had no chance of wining.

虽然她打得很勇敢,但还是没有机会获胜


二、although 和 though 使用时的相同点

1.不能和but一起用

在although 和though 引导的让步状语从句中,主句不能有but

如果实在想要强调前后两部分的对比意义,可以在主句前加yet或still

Although / though he has a lot of money, yet/ still he is unhappy.

他虽然很有钱,但并不幸福。

原因解释:

中文里我们会说「虽然他很努力,但是考试没有及格」,如果翻译成英语,很多人就直接翻译成了「Although…, but….」,很多人知道although和but不能共用,但大部分人并不知道原因。

要明白这一点,先看英语语法中两个极其重要的原则:

1,英语的句子有且只有一个主干,主干的核心结构是主谓宾。

2,介词,连词,关系副词,关系代词等属于一种标记,它们标记着一些背景信息,属于搭架在1中主干上的枝叶。

还是举同一个例子:The boy, who is crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry because he had had no food for two days.

though、although、as、even if引导让步状语从句的区别是什么?

这个句子的主干是红色的部分,绿色是定语(形容词性)从句,蓝色是状语(副词性)从句。红色的主干是一个典型的主谓宾结构,其中宾语部分是一个由 that 引导的宾语从句,that 在这里其标识作用。同样地,图中圆形的部分在学校老师口中叫关系代(副)词,但是其功能还是标识作用。

明白了这一点,剩下的就好理解了。

Although he worked hard, but he failed in the exam.

上面句子中的although和but符合上面第2条原则,它们在两个句子中同时出现,自然就标记了各自的句子书属于「树枝」的,也就意味着整个句子就没有真正的主干了。对于强调结构正确的英语而言,这是不能够接受的事情。

改进的办法就是将 although 或者 but 去掉任何一个,那么句子就又变得「主从分明」了,那么自然也就正确了。


2.although 和though引导让步状语从句时,都常常用省略形式

Although tired, I kept on working.

=Although (I was ) tired,…

The problem, though complicated (= though it is complicated), can be solved without much difficulty.


三、Even though和even if

Even 和 though组合表示强调,但even 不能和although组合

这里even though = even if / no matter if / though 即使…也…

even if 和 even though比起“though/although”带有强调意味而显得语气更强。

例句:

Even if / Even though we could afford it, we wouldn’t go abroad for our vocation.

即使我们付得起这笔钱,也不出国度假。


四、as

as引导的让步状语从句表示“虽然、即使、尽管”,但其引导的让步状语从句必须倒装。

基本结构:

形容词/副词/名词(单数可数名词前一般不带冠词,有时也可见单数可数名词前形容词与不定冠词连用、形容词放在不定冠词前)/动词/过去分词+as+主语+谓语的其他部分。

例句:

Great as the author was, he proved a bad model.

Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true.

Child as he is, he can tell black from white.

Badly wounded as he was, he remained quite optimistic.

Try as he would, he could not lift the rock.