英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。 冠词的使用涉及不定冠词的用法,定冠词的用法,不用冠词的情况,这三个部分。
不定冠词a / an的用法:
不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面(请注意:不是辅音字母开头的单词); an用在元音开头的词的前面(请注意:不是元音字母开头的单词)。
比如:UFO是元音字母u开头,但是读音是辅音开头。
不定冠词的基本用法:
(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如:A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为:一头大象比一个人强壮。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如:He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)
(4) 表示“一”这个数量。如:There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)
(5) 几个用不定冠词的习语:a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。
定冠词the的用法
定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。
定冠词的基本用法:
(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如:The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)
(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)
(3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如:There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)
(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)
(5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如:There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)
(6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如:Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去?) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)
(7) 常用在乐器名称的前面。如:He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)
(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如:I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)
(9) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如:He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国)
(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如:The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)
(11)same之前一般用the。如:Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)
(12)几个用定冠词的习语:at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。
一些不用冠词的情况
还有一些什么冠词都不用的特殊情况,希望大家牢记。
(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如:China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水)
(2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如:My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)
(3) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如:He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)
(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如:Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)
(5) 三餐饭前不用。如:We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)
(6) 节、假日前一般不用。如:On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)
(7) 球类名词前不用。如:The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)
(8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如:They are now at People’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)
(9) 一些习惯用语中不用。如:⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school; ⑵ in / to / for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work; ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town; ⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight; ⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁ on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care of
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