英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语在后。S+P+其他成分。(S=主语，P=谓语)

完全倒装：其他成分+P+S

部分倒装: 其他成分+be/do/does/can/have/has/had+S+动词

其他成分+be/have/has/had /can +S+动词

其他成分+do/does/did +S+动词原形

(一) 完全倒装

1. 表地点、时间或方位的副词位于句首

1)表地点／时间的副词+谓语(非进行时)+主语（不能是代词主语）

地点副词有：here，there，in/inside，on，out/outside，opposite等。

时间副词有：then，now，soon，next，first，finally等。

谓语往往是be或不及物动词begin，come，go，lie，lay，seem，remain，stand等。

例句：

Here are my replies to your questions.

There remained only ten dollars in his pocket.

Opposite stood an ancient oak tree．.

Then came the time to part.

Next is the news.

2)：表方位的与介词同形的副词+谓语(非进行时)+主语（不能是代词主语）

这类副词有：in，out，up，down，away，off，ahead，back等。

谓语往往是不及物动词come，go，fly，jump，rush，walk等。

例句：

In comes Mr. Smith．

Out went the children．

Down flew the eagle to seize the chicken．

说明：⑴ 表地点、时间或方位的副词位于句首时不用于进行时态。

⑵ 表地点、时间或方位的副词位于句首，代词作主语，主谓语序不变。

例如：

In he came．

Up they climbed almost out of breath．

Here the bus is coming.

2．表地点或时间的介词短语作状语位于句首

表地点或时间的介词短语+不及物动词/及物动词的被动语态+主语(通常不是代词)

例句：

Beyond the bushes lay the fields．

At the top of the hill stands the old church．

After the banquet came a firework display in the garden．

说明：

① 谓语是及物动词或由“be+表语”构成时不用倒装形式。

例句：

At the top of the tower she could see the whole city．

In the morning students are usually very busy．

② 谓语是及物动词的被动语态可用倒装形式：

例句：

In this chapter will be found a satisfactory answer.

To the list may be added the following names.

3．某些表语位于句首

表语(介词短语／形容词/过去分词/进行时态中的现在分词)十be/link.v+主语

1) 表语为表位置或地方的介词短语

例句：

Among the goods are Christmas trees，candles and toys．

Near the church was an old ruined cottage．

2)表语为形容词短语，尤其用于与先前提到的进行比较

例句：

Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.

Higher up are the temples built in ancient China．

First to arrive were their two cousins．

Many of the buildings are truly wonderful．Best of all is the Grand Theatre．

3)表语为过去分词

例句：

Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people．

Seated on the ground are a group of young people．

4)表语为进行时态中的现在分词

例句：

Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen．

Standing beside the table was an interpreter．

4．用于so，nor，neither开头的句子，前句是肯定句，重复前句内容用so

例句：

So am I.

So is Tom.

So does Tom.

So do they.

So can I speak English.

如果将上面蓝色句子改成否定句的话，就应该将的so 改成neither或nor

5. 当“so+形容词”或“such”为表语时，用完全倒装语序。

句型：

So +adj+ be +S+that +S+P

Such+ be+S +that +S+P

例句：

So great was the destruction that it took them several years to recover．

Such was the force of the explosion that alI the windows were broken．

(二)部分倒装

1．用于三个表示强调的句型中

1)含义为“…-就…，刚…就…”，指某事发生得过早

句型：

Hardly／barely／scarcely had he arrived at the station when/before the train began to leave．

例句：

He had hardly／barely／scarcely/not/just arrived at the station when/before the train began to leave．

No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang．

She had no sooner/just as soon gone out than the telephone rang.

2)含义为“不但…而且…”。

句型1：

Not only/Not merely+倒装句式+but(also)+陈述句语序

例句：

Not only is he a first class ballplayer，but also he is good at chess．

句型2：

Not only A but also B 做主语的主谓一致问题。

例句：

Not only I but also he likes English.

Not only he but also I like English.

3)含义为“直到…才…”。

句型：

Not until+句子(陈述句语序)／时间状语+倒装句式

例句：

Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework．

Not until yesterday did I learn anything about it．

说明：下面句子不倒装：

It was not until the teacher came that he finished his homework．

2．用于only开头的句子

句型：

Only+时间副词／介词短语/状语从句+倒装句式

例句：

Only this afternoon did I finish the novel．

Only once was he beaten for his dishonesty.

说明：如果only修饰的不是状语而是主语，则不用倒装。例如：

Only Wang Ling knows this．

Only you know the truth.

Only this afternoon is the best time.

3．某些否定词位于句首时

此类否定词有：hardly，scarcely，barely，rarely，seldom，no, not，never，nowhere及little，less，no longer，least of all.

例句：

Hardly did he know that the police were after him．

Never shall I do this again．

Nowhere could I find him．

Little did he know who the woman was．

说明：否定词修饰主语时不用倒装结构。例如：

Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month．

Hardly anybody likes him because he is so rude．

No news is good news

4. 某些含有no的介词短语位于句首时

句型：

“介词+no+名词”构成的短语，意为“决不”，“任何情况下都不”：

介词短语：at no time，by no means，under／in no circumstances，

in no way，in no case，on no account，on no consideration

例句：

At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons．

In no case shall we give up our plan．

At no way should I take the responsibility．

5．so，such位于句首时

表强调的副词so，such置于句首，构成“so…that”，“such…that”时，被强调部分用倒装语序。So．．．/Such．．．+倒装结构+that+句子(陈述句语序)

句型1：

So +adv. +部分倒装+that+S+P

例句：

So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed．

So much did he like his job that he would not stop working even after he was seventy—five．

句型2：

So/such +N（宾语） +部分倒装+that+S+P

例句：

So many questions did they ask me that I got confused．

Such a fierce dog did he have that we had to wait before we could get in．

So fierce a dog did he have that we had to wait before we could get in．

说明：如果so／such位于句首修饰主语时，则不用倒装。例如：

So few people came to his birthday party that he felt disappointed．

6．带to such…表程度的词组位于句首时

带to such的倒装句型

例句：

To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t go to sleep that night．

To such lengths did he speak that everyone got bored．

In such a hurry置于句首时也用倒装形式。例如：

In such a hurry was he that he forgot to take his passport．

In such a hurry did he rush to the airport that he forgot to take his passport．

7．用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句

1) 句型1：Were／Had／Should+主语=If+主语+were／had／should

例句：

Were he my friend，I would expect his help．

Did I ask for help from him, he would give it.

Should it rain tomorrow, I should stay indoors．

Had you not told me about the matter, I should never have known the whole thing．

2)句型2：Were it not for+n.=If it were not for+n.

例句：

Had it not been for+n.=If it hadn’t been for+n.

Were it not for their help，we would be in serious trouble．

Had it not been for their support，we couldn’t have won the election．

8．用于让步状语从句

用于让步状语从句的倒装

例句：

Strange though/as it may seem，the tallest boy is the youngest．

Surrounded as he was by the enemy, he was not afraid．

Try as he would, he might fail again．

Much though I admire her，I cannot excuse her faults．

说明：从句中的主语较长，也可用全部倒装。例如：

Difficulty as was the chemistry homework, it was finished in time．

9．用于原因状语从句

用于原因状语从句的倒装

例句：

Tired that/as he was，he went to bed early．

Coward that/as he was，he ran away as soon as the enemy attacked．

Absorbed as/that he was in the book，he did not notice my entering the room．

Living as I do so remote from town, I rarely have visitors．

10．用于as和than引导的状语从句

在as引导的方式状语从句和than引导的比较状语从句中，如果从句的主语较长或带有长的修饰语时，可用倒装形式。但主语是人称代词不倒装。例如

例句：

He travelled a great deal as did most of his friends．

Mr. Smith is expecting a pay rise，as are several other salesmen in the team．

I'm afraid her proposals are no more feasible than are those James presented．

11．方式、频度副词等位于句首时

方式状语(well, gladly, slowly, quickly)、频度状语(often, many a time, frequently, once a week)等位于句首时，可用倒装结构。如果不是十分强调，也可不用倒装结构。

例句：

Well do I remember the days when we were at school together．

Gladly would I give my life to save the child!

Often does he warn us/he warns us not to touch the poisonous chemical．

Many a time has Mike given me good advice.

12．用于the…the结构的主句中

在表达“越…越”时，通常用the…the这一结构，若此结构中主句的主语太长，也可用倒装句型。

例句：

The more grain we produce，the greater will be our achievement．

The more grain we produce，the greater contribution did we make to our country.

The more famous he became，the higher(were)the prices his pictures fetched．

13．用于几个特殊结构的让步状语从句

在下列三个特殊结构的让步状语从句中，意为“无论”。

1)“Be+主语+ever so形容词”意为“无论怎样…”

例句：

Be a man ever so clever，he knows nothing if he doesn’t learn．

Be he ever so clever，he knows nothing if he doesn’t learn．

Be it ever so humble，there is no place like home．

2)“Be+主语+A or B”意为“无论是A或B”

例句：

Be he friend or enemy，the law regards him as a criminal．

All magnets behave the same，be they small or large．

3)“动词+wh一词+主语+will／may”意为“无论”

例句：

Say what we will，he doesn’t want to change his mind．We will say__

Come what may，we must remain cheerful．___ may come,

Go where you will，you cannot succeed without perseverance．You will go ___

14．用于某些表示祝愿的句子

例句：

May you succeed!

May he live to regret this decision!

God bless you.