一、名词复数的规则变化
1)一般情况加 s. eg: map-maps bag-bags car-cars
2)以 s,sh,ch,x 等结尾的词加 es. eg:bus-buses watch-watches
3)以 ce,se,ze,(d)ge 等结尾的词加 s eg: license-licenses
4)以辅音字母+y 结尾的词变 y 为 i 再加 es eg: baby---babies
二、名词复数的不规则变化
▣1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意:与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和 -women。
▣2)单复同形
eg: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
▣3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
eg:people police cattle 等本身就是复数, 不能说 a people, a police,
a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称 时,作复数用。
eg: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
▣4)以 s 结尾,仍为单数的名词,
如: a. maths,politics,physics 等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是 1945 年组建起来 的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
▣5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目, 要借助数量词 pair(对, 双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
▣6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods 货物,waters 水域,fishes(各种)鱼
三、特殊句型单复数
▣1)当 there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
▣2)当 either… or… 与 neither… nor, 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与 最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由 here, there 引导,而主语又 不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
▣3) 当主语后面跟有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating.
四、谓语需用单数
▣1)代词 each 和由 every, some, no, any 等构成的复合代词作主语, 或主语中含有 each, every, 谓语需用单数。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch.
▣2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. <<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
▣3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时,通常把 这些名词看作一个整体, 谓语一般用单数。 (用复数也可, 意思不变。 ) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough.
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