Have 的用法很多,包括固定短语都非常多,但是这讲里,讲几个非常有用的have的用法, 不少同学对这些结构区分不清,把握不准

一.Have sth done

Have +sth (宾语)+过去分词 (宾语补足语), 意为 “让、叫、使、请别人做某事”

宾语sth后面用过去分词作宾语补足语,说明sth与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。

首先来看几个简单的例子

1)We had the machine mended just now. 我们刚才请人把机器修好了。

2)He has had his hair cut. 他(请人给他)理发了。

3)The patient is going to have his temperature taken. 这个病人准备叫人量体温。

那么来看一个复杂句

Historical records indicate that by the 16th century the Chinese has already invented paper and had it brought to Europe, causing great amazement among the Europeans.

这里运用了两种have形式

Have done --- have invented

Have sth done --- have it brought

这里为什么用 have it brought 呢? 因为纸是由其他人带到欧洲的,是被带到欧洲的,所以运用have sth done,比直接运用被动语态要好一些。

Have sth done 可表示四种不同的语法意义。

1.(主语)请/派别人完成, 这个上面已经提到了,简单的举一个例子。

I had (got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我请人补了牙。

I had (got) that door painted last week. 上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。

2.(主语)完成某事(可能参与)

They are going to have some trees planted. 他们打算种植一些树。

We must have the work finished by Tuesday. 我们必须在星期二以前完成此项工作。

3.(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况

I had my hat blown off。 我的帽子被风吹掉了。

I had my leg broken when I got off the bus. 下车时我的腿摔断了。

4.用于否定句中,表示“不允许”,“不让”

I won’t have anything said against her. 我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。

I won’t have my house turned into a hotel. 我不会让我的房子变成一个旅店。

二.Have sb do sth

Have + sb (宾语) + do sth (宾语补足语), 意思为 “叫、让、使某人做某事”。

此结构中的have 是使役动词,sb作宾语,其后的do sth是省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

1)The boss often/frequently has them work for 14 hours a day. 老板经常要他们一天工作14个小时。

2)I will have someone repair the bike for you. 我会让人为你修理自行车的。

3)Don't forget to have Mr Brown come to our party = Don't forget to ask/invite Mr Brown to come to our party. 别忘了让布朗先生来参加我们的晚会。

Have sb do有四种含义

1)(主语)请、派别人完成某事。可以用get sb to do 结构来替换。

I had him repair my bike = I got him to repair my bike 我请他修理自行车。

Don't forget to have him come. 别忘了叫他来.

2)表示主语无意识的行为,这时“have”做有“解”

These small animals seem glad to have people visit them.

3)表示主语“经历”某事

He had his mother die. 他遭丧母。

4)在否定句中“容忍”,“允许”解。

I won’t have you say such things about her. 我不允许你说她这样的话。

三.Have sb/sth doing

Have +sb/sth (宾语)+现在分词(宾语补足语),意思为“叫、让、使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。

宾语sb/sth后面用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行。

Don't have the dog barking much. 别让狗叫个不停。

You’d better have your car running slowly. 你最好把车子开慢点。

Have sb/sth doing 表示两种含义或者说一种含义。

1)在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”,“让某情况发生”之意,含有动作正在进行之意。

He soon had them all laughing. 他很快让他们都笑了起来。

I have a car waiting for me. 我让一部车在等我。

2)在否定结构中,表示“不能让”,“不允许”

We cannot have that sort of thing happening. 我们不能让那类事情发生。

四.区别

1)Have sth to do 是要干某事,这件事是由主语来做的。

I have my dinner to cook. 这里的饭是我做的。

2)Have sth to be done 是有事要做,这件事本质上不是由主语来做的。 这个句型表示有些事情等着被做,其中的不定式表示此时目前还没被做

3)Have sth done. 指的是此事已经被做完。而且做这件事的人一定不是你自己,而是别人。

I have my hair to be cut. 头发不是我来剪的,是别人,但是我要去理发。

4)那么have sb./sth. do sth. 与 have sb./ sth. doing sth 有什么区别,两种都是宾语发出的主动动作. 前者指“使某人/物做某事(指一次性的具体的动作)”;后者指“使某人/物一直处于某种状态”,常接一段时间作状语.