人教版七年级英语下册第一单元短语语法知识点汇总

人教版七年级英语下册第一单元短语语法知识点汇总

一、基础归纳

【教材内容解析】

Section A

1. play chess (P. 1)

play chess意为“下国际象棋”，当play与棋牌类、球类等名词连用时，表示“进行比赛”或者“参加运动”，名词前面不用冠词。

I want to play chess with you.

Let’s play soccer.

2. speak English (P. 1)

speak此处用作及物动词，表示“说（某种语言）”，后接表示语言的名词做宾语。

I can speak English and Chinese.

【拓展】speak一般用作不及物动词，表示说话的动作；say用作及物动词，表示说的内容。

Don't speak loudly in the reading room.

He left and said nothing.

3. I want to join the art club. (P. 1)

(1) want表示“想要”时，为及物动词，后接不定式作宾语或者用于句型“want sb. to do sth.”中，表示“想要某人做某事”。

They don’t want to throw away the old furniture.

She wants her parents to pay for the car.

(2) join的用法

① join+组织/团体，表示“加入到某个组织中并成为其中一员”。

He joined the army in 1990.

Nowadays more and more people join the swimming club to build their bodies.

② join+sb. (in sth.)表示“加入到某些人当中去”。

Would you like to join us in the computer game?

③ join in表示参加某种活动，相当于take part in。

College students join in many activities after class.

【拓展】辨析：take part in，join与join in

take part in常用来指参加某项活动，并在活动中起一定的作用。

He took part in a writing competition last summer holiday.

join指参加某个组织并成为该组织中的一个成员。

Why not join the Music Club?

join in通常指加入到某种活动中来，尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动，有时可与take part in互换。

How interesting the activity is! All of the students want to join in it.

4. Can you draw? (P. 1)

draw用作及物动词，表示“画”。

I can't draw well.

Can you draw me a map?

【拓展】辨析draw与paint

draw强调用钢笔、铅笔或者粉笔进行绘画；paint指用颜料画画。

The teacher is drawing a bus on the blackboard.

She is painting a picture in oils.

5. What about you? (P. 2)

What about...?意为“……怎么样？”相当于How about...?，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。

I want to walk to school. What/How about you?

What/How about going home now?

6. You’re very good at telling stories. (P. 2)

(1) be good at意为“擅长于……”，相当于do well in，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。

I’m good at English.

Basketball is my favorite. I am good at it.

(2) tell stories意为“讲故事”，相当于tell a story。

My grandpa often tells stories to me.

【拓展】tell的用法

tell sb. about sth.意为“告诉某人关于某事”；tell sb. (not) to do sth.“告诉某人（不）做某事”；tell sb. sth.(=tell sth to sb.)“告诉某人某事”。

Tell me about our new teacher.

Mum tells me to drink some milk every morning.

Can you tell me your name?=Can you tell your name to me?

7. Sounds good. (P. 2)

sound此处用作系动词，意为“听起来好像”，后接形容词作表语。

Her voice sounds sweet.

This piece of music sounds beautiful.

8. Students Wanted for school show. (P. 3)

(1) 此处wanted用于招募人员广告标题，相当于汉语中的“招募、征集、寻求”等意思。

Help Wanted.

Teachers Wanted for Summer Camp.

(2) show此处用作名词，表示“演出、节目”。

The show starts at 8:00 o’clock in the morning.

Are there any good shows tonight?

【拓展】show的用法

show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 给某人展示某物

He is showing the picture to his classmates.

9. Can you sing or dance? (P. 3)

这是一个选择疑问句，说话人提出两种或以上的情况进行选择，要求对方选择一种情况进行回答，or用作连词，表示“或者、还是”，表示两者选其一。

Is it white or black?

How old are you, 13 or 14?

10. Please talk to Mr. Zhang after school. (P. 3)

talk作不及物动词，意为“谈话、讲话”，常用的短语：talk about sb./sth.“谈论某人/某事”，talk to sb.“和某人谈话”，talk with sb. “和某人交谈”。

They are talking about a movie.

Don’t talk to me while I’m studying.

Section B

1. Can you play the violin? (P. 4)

play the violin意为“拉小提琴”，play与乐器名词连用时，乐器名词前一般要定冠词the，意为“演奏、弹奏”。

My sister can play the violin.

He can play the piano.

2. I can speak English and I can also play soccer. (P. 5)

also, too, as well与either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。

also

放在句中行为动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。

He also wants to go.

too

用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。

He wants to go, either.

as well

用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。

He wants to go as well.

either

用于否定句句末。

He doesn’t want to go either

3. I like to talk and play games with people. (P. 5)

people用作名词，意为“人们”，表示复数意义，用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

Many people are in the park.

A lot of people speak English in the world.

4. We need help at the old people’s home. (P. 5)

need作动词时，不仅可以作情态动词，还可以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。

You needn’t go to the meeting too early.

We need three more workers.

He doesn’t need to worry too much.

5. They can tell you stories, and you can make friends. (P. 5)

make friends表示“结交朋友”，如果表示“与……交朋友”，要用make friends with...。

I want to make friends with you.

6. Are you busy after school? (P. 5)

be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，be busy with sth. “忙于某事”。

His father is busy cleaning his car.

His mother is busy with the housework.

7. Then we need you to help with sports for English-speaking students. (P. 5)

① help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事

Can you help me with my homework?

② help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事

He often helps his mother clean do housework.

③ with the help of 在……的帮助下

With the help of the doctor, the man gets better.

8. Do you have time on the weekend? (P. 5)

(1) have time意为“有时间、有空”，相当于be free。

I have no time from Monday to Friday.

(2) on the weekend(=on weekends)意为“在周末”，在英式英语中，用at the weekend或者at weekends。

I’m free on the weekend/on weekends.

9. The school needs help to teach music. (P. 5)

① teach sb. sth.“教某人某物”

The man teaches us Math.

② teach sb. to do sth.“教某人做某事”

Can you teach me to open the box?

10. Musicians Wanted for School Music Festival. (P. 6)

musician用作可数名词，表示“音乐家”。

He is good at music. He is a famous musician.

【语法讲解】

情态动词can

情态动词是表示说话人的语气或情态，本身有词义但不能单独作谓语的词。常用的情态动词有can，may，must，could，shall，will，need等。

情态动词在句中必须后跟动词原形，并与后面的动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。

1、情态动词can的用法：

（1）表示能力，意为“能，会”。

例如：Millie can play the piano.

（2）表示许可，意为“可以”。

例如：You can use my pen. Can you pass me the books?

（3）表示推测，意为“可能，会”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。

例如：Can he be here?

He can’t have finished his homework.