Unit1 The Changing World

Topic1 Our country has developed rapidly.

【重点短语和句型】

1. have a good summer holiday 暑假过得愉快

2. come back from 从......回来

3. have/has been to 去过

4. have/has gone to 去了

5. not...any more 再也不...

6. take photos 照相

7. by the way 顺便问一下

8. take part in 参加

9. around/all over/throughout the world 全世界

10. tell sb. something about... 告诉某人关于某事

11. have/live a happy/hard life 过着幸福/艰苦的生活

12. describe...in detail 详细描述

13. give support to 支持...

14. see...oneself 亲眼看见

15. keep in touch with 与...保持联系

16. far away 遥远的

17. kinds/sorts of 各种各样的...

18. not only...but also 不仅...而且...

19. make progress 取得进步

20. more than/over 多于

21. develop/improve rapidly 迅速发展/改善

22. tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 告诉某人（别）做某事

23. ask sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求某人（别）做某事

24. in order to do sth. 为了做某事

25. have to do sth. 不得不做某事

26. It's +形容词+for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是...的

27. why not do sth. 为什么不做某事

28. succeed/be successful in doing sth. 成功地做某事

29. dream about doing sth. 梦想做某事

30. see/hear sb. do/doing sth. 看见/听见某人做/正在做某事

【重点语法】

现在完成时

一. 现在完成时的基本结构

肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他

否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他

一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）

二. 现在完成时的用法

1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。

I have already posted the photo.

我已经邮寄出了照片。

与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句/疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。

2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。

He has lived here since 1978.

自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)

此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。

有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：

go out----be out 　　

finish----be over 　　

open----be open 　　

die----be dead 　　

buy---have 　　

fall ill---be ill 　　

come back----be back 　　

catch a cold----have a cold

Topic2 The population in developing countries is growing faster.

【重点短语和句型】

1. get lost 迷路

2. a couple of 一些，几个

3. with the development of 随着...的发展

4. with the help of... 在...的帮助下

5. one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数 其中之一/最...的其中之一

6. each other 互相

7. call/ring sb.up 给某人打电话

8. at least 至少

9. sth. happen to sb. 某人发生某事

10. What happened to sb? 某人发生某事?

11. take place 发生

12. because of 因为，由于

13. be strict with sb./in sth. 对某人/某事严格要求

14. carry out 执行

15. thousands/millions/hundreds of 成千上万/无数的/成百上千...

16. two thousand/million/hundred 两千/百万/百(具体数字后面不加s)

17. half of... 一半...

18. two thirds 三分之二

19. be short of 短缺...

20. so far 到目前为止

21. be known/famous for 因...而闻名

22. be known/famous as 作为...而闻名

23. thanks to 幸亏...

24. have a long way to go 有很长的路要走

25. a town called... 一个叫做...的镇

26. fewer than/less than 少于

27. places of interest 名胜古迹

28. be interested in 对...感兴趣

29. such as 例如...

30. look/smell/sound/feel/taste+形容词 看/闻/听/摸/尝起来...

31. such a/an+形容词+sb./sth 如此...的人/物

32. take sb. to sp 带某人去某地

33. keep up with 赶上

34. have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快

35. have a population of... 有...的人口

36. What's the population of...? ...有多少人口？

37. want to do sth. 想要做某事

38. hate to do sth 讨厌做某事

39. take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事

40. have(no)chance/time to do sth. 有机会/时间做某事

41. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事

42. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事

43. be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事

44. work well in doing sth. 在...方面起到显著作用

【重点语法】

常用于现在完成时的时间状语：already, just , yet, ever, never, recently.

e.g.

1. I have just called you.

2. ——Have you ever been to France?

——No, I’ve never been to any European countries.

3. ——Have you seen him yet?

——Yes, I have seen him already.

Topic3 The world has changed for the better.

【重点短语】

1. with the money 用这些钱

2. so that 为了，以致于

3. so...that... 如此...以致于...

4. in fact/as a matter of fact 事实上

5. come for a visit 来参观

6. in need 在困难时

7. decide on sth. 决定某事

8. provide sth. for sb./provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物

9. feel good about... 对...有信心

10 lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人

11. borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物

12. at the same time 与此同时

13. talk on the phone 在电话中交谈

14. take drugs 吸毒

15. pay for 付款

16. buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物

17. at home and abroad 在国内外

18. send sb. to sp. 送某人去某地

19. send for sb. 派人去请某人

20. aim to do sth. 目的是做某事

21. decide(not)to do sth. 决定（不）做某事

22. finish doing 结束做某事

23. How do you like.../What do you think of...? 你觉得...怎么样？

24. sb.spend st.in doing sth=It takes sb.st. to do sth. 某人花费...时间做某事

25. sb.spend some money on sth.=sb.pay some money for sth. 某人花费...钱买某物

26. so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 表示后者情况与前者一样（表肯定）

neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 表示后者情况与前者一样（表否定）

27. so +主语+/be/助动词/情态动词 表示的确如此

【重点语法】

1. 现在完成时：常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在。

e.g. You have been in New York for a long time.

The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.

2. 构词法:

合成词: home +work= homework

派生词: use——useful, happy——unhappy

Unit2 Saving the Earth

Topic1 Population causes too many problems.

【重点短语】

1. chemical factory 化工厂

2. pour… into… 把……排放到……

3. in a bad mood 处在不好的情绪中

4. manage to do sth. 设法去做某事

5. do harm to … / be harmful to… 对……有害

6. quite a few 相当多

7. no better than 同…….一样差

8. in pubic 公开地

9. all sorts of 各种各样的

10.in many ways 在许多方面

【重点句型】

1. Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the streams.

看，有几家化工厂正往河里排放废水。

2. Everything has changed.一切已发生了变化。

3. How long have you been like this? 你像这样多长时间了?

4. I’m always in a bad mood because I can’t stand the environment here.

我的情绪总是很差因为我受不了这里的环境。

5. However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans’health.

然而，并非所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染，而且有害于人类健康。

【重点语法】

直接引语和间接引语

1. Granny said, “I’m feeling even worse.”

Granny said that she was feeling even worse.

2. “ Do you still want to live here, Granny?” the journalist asked.

The journalist asked Granny if she still wanted to live there.

3. “ How is the environment around this place?” the journalist asked.

The journalist asked how the environment around that place was.

Topic2 All these problems are very serious.

【重点短语】

1. as a result 结果

2. here and there 到处

3. in the beginning 一开始

4. in danger 处于危险中

5. cut down 砍倒

6. change sth. into sth. 把……变成……

7. prevent from 防止

8. greenhouse effect 温室效应

9. refer to 提到

10. deal with 处理

12. cut off 中断

【重点句型】

1. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。

2. Humans have come to realize the important of protecting animals. 人类逐渐意识到保护动物的重要性。

3. Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away. 树木也能防风固土。

4. Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants. 砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。

5. Some things we’ve done are very good for earth while some are not good. 我们所做的，有些对地球很好，而有些不利。

6. They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.它们也能阻止水土流失。

7. When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away. 天一下雨或刮风，土就会被冲走或刮走。

【重点语法】

不定代词

1. 定义: 指的是那些不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。

2. 用法: 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。something , somebody, anything, anybody等作主语时，通常视为单数。当形容词修饰它们时，要放在其后。

e.g. But the government has done something useful to protect the environment.

Topic3 What kinds of things can we do to protect the environment?

【重点短语】

1. not only…but also… 不仅……而且……

2. be supposed to 应该

3. ought to 应该

4. turn off 关掉

5. instead of 代替

6. on time 准时

7. make sure 确保

8. push forward向前推

9. push down 向下

10. pull up 向上拉

【重点句型】

1. For example, we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags.

例如，我们应该用纸的两面，并且重新使用塑料袋。

2. Everyone is supposed to do that.每个人都有义务那样做。

3. First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先，你离开房间时应该随手关灯。

4. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。

5. Well, actions speak louder than words. 嗯，百说不如一做。

6. There will be a lot of hard work to do tomorrow, so make sure you go to bed early tonight.

明天有许多繁重的活要干，今晚一定要早睡。

【重点语法】

并列句：由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。

结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句

常用的并列连词有：and, or, but, while, not only… but also...

e.g. 1. The river is dirty and the temperature of the earth is rising.

2. They work well, but they are slow and can’t run for long.