初三中考专题—介词

考点一　介词的基本用法

介词在句中一般不能单独使用，后面一般接名词、动名词或(代词宾格/名词性物主代词)等构成介词短语，能在句中作状语、表语、定语、补语等。如：

We can't live without water.没有水我们不能生存。(后接名词)

I study English by listening to tapes.我通过听磁带学习英语。(后接动名词、名词)

We all went there except him.除了他没去，我们都去了。(后接代词宾格)

My chair is made of wood.What about yours? 我的椅子是木制的。你的呢？(后接名词、名词性物主代词)

考点二　表示时间的in, on, at, by, before, after, for, since, from

表一：

介词

用法

例子

in

强调某个时间段，常用于上午、下午、晚上或年、月、季节等之前；“in＋一段时间”表示“在……之后”，用于将来时态。

in the morning/afternoon在上午/下午

in 2011 在2011年

in May 在5月

There will be more cars in ten years.十年后将会有更多的小汽车。

on

表示具体的某一天，后接具体的节日、日期、星期几或某一天的上午、下午或晚上，或用于有形容词修饰的某一天等。

on July 1st 在7月1日

on Sunday morning 在星期天早上

on a rainy morning 在一个下雨的早上

at

表示某一具体的时刻或短暂的时间“点”，也可指一段时间。

at six o'clock 在6点钟

at noon 在中午

at midnight在半夜

at Christmas在圣诞节

表二：

介词

用法

例子

by

后接时间时表示“不迟于”(相当于not later than)。

by then到那时

by 10 p．m.不迟于晚上10点钟

before

表示“在……之前/以前”，指动作发生在过去或将来某一个时刻之前，常用于过去完成时和一般将来时，后面一般接时间点或从句。before单独使用时泛指“以前”，常和完成时连用。

I'll get to Australia before 12：00.我将于12点之前到达澳大利亚。

I have seen the film before.我以前看过这部电影。

after

表示“在……之后”，常用于一般将来时和一般过去时。

He returned after a month.一个月后他回来了。

表三：

介词

用法

例子

for

后接一段时间，常用于完成时态。

She has worked here for five years.

since

表示“自从……”，后接(过去的)时间点或(一般过去时)句子，常用于完成时态。

We have learned English since we were in primary school.

from

表示“从……(时间)起”，常与to或till连用。

My father goes to work from Monday to Friday.

注意：(1)“after ＋时间段”与“时间段＋later”可互换，用于过去时；“after＋时间点”用于将来时。如：

He came back after an hour.＝He came back an hour later.

他一小时后就回来了。

( ) 1 . Connie arrived ________ the village ________ a snowy night.

A．at; on　 B．at; in　 C．in; at　 D．in; on

( ) 2 . I hear that he will be back ________two weeks' time.

A．at　 　 B．in 　 C．after 　 D．for

考点三　表示地点和方位的介词

1．表示地理位置的介词 in, to, on

in

表示在范围之内 ⊙

Taiwan is in the southeast of China. (台湾属于中国)

to

表示在范围之外，○ ●

Japan is to the northeast of China. (日本不属于中国)

on

表示接壤，○●

Hunan is on the north of Guangdong. (湖南和广东接壤)

注意：at表示“在……(点)”，强调把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”；也可表示在某个较小的地方(村庄、城镇、街道等)。如：

at 152 Jianguo Street 在建国路152号　

She works at the post office. 她在邮局工作。

2．表示在树上

in the tree

不属于树本身的

There are many birds in the tree. 小鸟在树上。(小鸟是外来物)

on the tree

长在树上的

The apples on the tree are red.树上的苹果是红色的。

(苹果是树上长出来的)

3. 表示在墙上

in the wall

镶嵌在里面的

There are two windows in the wall.这堵墙有两扇窗。

on the wall

紧贴在表面的

There are two pictures on the wall.墙上有两幅画。

4 . 表示方位的on, above, over, below, under

介词

用法

例句

on

表示“在……上面”，指两物体表面相互接触。

on the table 在桌上

above

表示“在……之上(不接触下面的物体)”，不强调是否垂直；也可指数量、重量和价格等“多于，超过”。

We flew above the clouds.

我们飞行于云端之上。(上方)

over

表示“在……的正上方(不接触下面的物体)”；也可指时间、距离和年龄等“多于，超过”。

There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。(正上方)

below

表示“在……之下(不接触上面的物体)”，不一定垂直。

From the hill, we could see the whole school below.

固定搭配below zero 零度以下

under

表示“在……的正下方(不接触上面的物体)”。

There is a football under the chair.椅子下面有个足球。

(正下方)

5．表示方位的in front of, in the front of

介词

用法

例句

in front of

表示“在……(某空间外部)的前面”。

There are some tall trees in front of the building.建筑物前有一些高大的树。

in the front of

表示“在……(某空间内部)的前面”。

The teacher is in the front of the classroom.老师在教室的前面。

考点四　between和among的区别

between用于两者之间，常和and连用，构成短语“between…and…”，among则用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。如：

They planted a lot of trees between the two buildings.

他们在两座建筑物之间种了许多树。

Tom has always been popular among his classmates.

汤姆在他的同学中一直很受欢迎。

考点五　 across, through和past表示“穿过”的区别

1．across表示从物体的表面或某一平面“横穿”，如过马路、过桥等。如：

go across the street/road/bridge/square/river

穿过街道/公路/桥/广场/河流

注意：go/walk across相当于cross (动词，意为“越过，横过”)。

2．through表示从物体内部或某一空间内“穿过”，如穿过村庄、森林等。如：

go through the door/gate/window/jungle/forest/village/park/crowds

穿过门/大门/窗户/丛林/森林/村庄/公园/人群

3．past强调从某物体的一旁“经过”，相当于by。如：

Our bus drove past the museum. 我们乘坐的公共汽车经过了博物馆。

考点六　in, on, with和by表示方式或手段的区别

介词

用法

例句

in

表示用某种方式(语言、语调、笔墨、颜色、支付方式等)。

Can you sing this song in Japanese？你能用日语唱这首歌吗？

on

表示用某种方式、手段或使用某种交通工具。

They talked on the phone.他们通过电话进行交谈。

with

表示用某种工具、手段，一般接具体的工具或手段。

I write with a pen.我用钢笔写字。

by

表示用某种方法、手段或泛指使用某种交通工具。

She makes a living by selling clothes.她以卖衣服为生。

I go there by bus.我坐公交车去那儿。

注意：除了by之外，in和on也可以表示使用某种交通工具，但要注意区别。如：

by car/plane/boat＝in a car/plane/boat

乘小车/飞机/小船

by bus/train/bike＝on a bus/train/bike

乘公交车/火车/自行车

考点七　besides, except/but “除……之外”

介词

用法

例句

besides

有“加”的意思

We all like the pop music besides Tom.除了汤姆喜欢流行乐，我们也喜欢流行乐。

except/but

有“减”的意思

We all like the pop music except/but Jim.除了吉姆不喜欢流行乐，我们都喜欢流行乐。

注意：besides和beside的区分，beside是“在……的旁边”。

考点八　介词with和without的用法

1．表示“和，带着”，如：

have dinner with my parents (和父母吃饭),

with a smile (面带微笑)。

2．表示“有，戴着”，如：

a city with a long history(有悠久历史的城市),

a man with glasses(戴眼镜的男士)。

注意：with 的反义词是without, 如：

go to work without breakfast (没有吃早餐去上班)。

The street is dark without lights on. 街道上没有开灯漆黑一片。

考点九　介词常见的搭配

1．与动词的常见搭配

agree with同意　 begin with以……开始　 come from来自

look like看起来像 hear of 听说 knock at敲

laugh at嘲笑　 look at看　 look after照看

look through 浏览 listen to听　 look for寻找

send for派人去请 think of想到　 think about考虑

feel like doing想要做 hear from收到……的来信　 take care of照看

worry about 担心 do/deal with 对付，处置　 arrive in/at到达

ask for 请求 play with 和……玩耍 prefer…to… 喜欢…而不喜欢

turn on/off 打开/关上　 turn down/up 开小/开大 write to sb. 给某人写信

2．与形容词的常见搭配

be good at擅长　 be good/bad for 对……有好处/坏处

be good to sb. 对……好 be friendly to对……友好　

be full of＝be filled with装满 be late for迟到

be different from与……不同　 be famous for因……而出名

be interested in对……感兴趣 be excited about对……感到兴奋　

be pleased with对……满意 be afraid of害怕

be worried about为……担心　 be angry with 生……气

be strict with sb.对某人严格 be strict in sth. 对某事严格　

be famous as 作为……而出名 be proud of 对……感到骄傲

be good/bad for 对……有好处/坏处　 be busy with 忙于

be covered with 被……覆盖 be ready for 为……做好准备　

be glad to do sth. 高兴做某事 be similar to和……相似

be popular with受某人欢迎　 be mad at 对……生气

be for/against sth./doing sth 支持/反对(做)某事

3．与名词的常见搭配

by bike骑自行车 in trouble在困境中

on one‘s way to在去……的路上 on time准时

to one‘s surprise令某人吃惊的是　 at the end of在……尽头

at home在家里　 with one's help在某人的帮助下　

in this way用这种方式 in fact事实上

in time 及时　 in space 在太空

in public当众 at last/in the end 最后　

in the sky在天空中 in the open air 在户外　

in the field 在田里 in the center of 在……的中央

on the left/right 在左边/右边　 at the age of 在……岁时　

on foot 步行 in a hurry 匆忙地　

in front of 在……前面　 for example 例如

at the foot of在……脚下　 on the phone 打电话　

at breakfast 在吃早餐时 in excitement 兴奋地

in surprise 惊讶地 by mistake 错误地

thanks for/to 多谢/多亏……

考点十　介词常用句型

It's time for sth.＝It's time to do sth.

It's＋ adj.＋of sb. to do sth.

(这里的形容词表示事情的特性，如important, necessary等)

It's＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.

(这里的形容词表示人的品质特性，如kind, friendly 等)

链接中考：

2015年1模介词

31. The Trojans fought against the Greeks to drive them away their country.

A. from B. to C. with D. by

26. The 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games were held ______ August in Nanjing.

A.in B.on C.by D.at

29. A healthy diet is essential  everybody. You should care more about what you eat.

A. for B. to C. in D.about

29. You can always see people exercise in that park, even _____ cold winter mornings.

A) on B) in C) at D) from

34. After the accident, the careless driver has to pay﹩9500 _____ the damage of the car.

A) on B) to C) for D) with

32.95% of the passengers say they are satisfied the public transport service.

A)in B)for C)to D)with

28. Let’s have a break___ the time being. We will further discuss the topic in ten minutes.

A) in

B)on

C) for

D) at

29. Stand up and give your answer _____ Question15,please.

A) with

B) of

C)to

D) by

29. Yousafzai became the youngest ever winner of a Nobel Prize_ October 10, 2014.

A) at B) in C) to D) on

32. If anything dangerous happens___ you at school, let your teachers know.

A) at B) on C) to D) by

( ) 29. Iphone products are becoming more and more popular in China _______ many reasons.

A. as

B. on

C. for

D. about

( ) 30. Three gunmen broke ______a book store and stole many great books last night.

A. up

B. down

C. out

D. into

29. I got an e-mail this morning. It was ______ my foreign friend, Tony.

A) from B) on C) in D) for

30. On Halloween, if adults don't give children candies, children can play tricks ______ them.

A) with B) for C) on D) of

30. Facebook is

one of the most popular websites in Britain ________ over twenty-five million users.

A) of B) for C) with D) by

30. ________ my opinion, the experience in one’s childhood will affect its character.

A) To B) In C) For D) Among

29. Our family celebrated Thanksgiving Day _________ November 28th, 2014.

A. for B. at C. in D. on

32._________ my opinion, kids should learn to do some housework.

A. On B. In C. Of D. With

30. She told me they arrived in Shanghai ______ the evening of October 20th.

A) on B) in C) to D) at

2015年2模介词

29. Hurry up! The fashion show is going to start ______ 8:00 p.m.

A) for B) on C) in D) at

32. Have you heard ______ a book named Gone with the Wind?

A) with B) from C) to D) of

28. The English teachers had a special training session ______ Sunday mornings.

A) in B) to C) on D) at

30. We all know the haze (雾霾) is very bad ______ people's health.

A) for B) in C) at D) with

29. If you read a lot, your life will be full ______ pleasure.

A) of B) with C) by D) for

28. In fact, my parents are not only kind to me, but also strict ______ me.

A) with B) to C) for D) at

31. The APEC meeting was held ______ November, 2014.

A) on B) in C) at D) for

30. You can tell from the posters and photos ______ the wall that Chen is a big fan of Jay Chou.

A) in B) between C) on D) above

30. My sister likes to wear the hat ______ two flowers. It looks so beautiful.

A) from B) to C) in D) with

29. I gave my mother a bunch of flowers ______ the evening of March 8.

A) in B) for C) on D) at

29. The crash of German Flight 4U9525 ______ the south of France ______ March 25th shocked the whole world.

A) at, on B) in, at C) in, on D) at, in

32. I have got two tickets ______ the concert tonight. Would you like to go with me?

A) from B) about C) of D) for

29. The opening ceremony of Wulong International Kite Flying Festival was held ______ the morning of April 4, 2015 in Chongqing.

A) at B) in C) on D) by

30. This book provides us ______ lots of skills to solve problems we meet in life.

A) to B) for C) with D) of

29. Jenny is the first on the list of the famous stars because she was the richest ______ them.

A) in B) with C) over D) among

27. Several young people died at the Bund _____the cold night of December 31,2014.

A)in B)on C)at D)of

28. Grace was very angry _____ her brother Jordon because he didn’t give her the toy.

A) from B) into C) for D)with

32. We were told the pizza would be delivered ______ 20 minutes.

A) in B) for C) on D) at

34. They got tired ______ fighting with each other. They decided to make peace.

A) for B) from C) with D) of