被动语态
英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,又叫施动者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,又叫受动者。区分主动语态和被动语态,主要看主语是执行者还是承受者。如:
The flowers and grass should be watered .(____语态)
We should water the flowers and grass .(____语态)
◆一 构成
1.被动语态是由“助动词be +过去分词”构成的,助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。Tom broke the cup .(主动语态) → The cup was broken by Tom .(被动语态)
2.被动语态有以下8种:
一般现在时:be(am / is are) +过去分词 Trees are planted in spring .
一般过去时:be(was / were) +过去分词 The house was built last year .
现在进行时:be(am / is are) + being +过去分词 The car is being repaired .
过去进行时:be(was / were) + being +过去分词
现在完成时:have / has + been +过去分词 The light has been turned off .
过去完成时:had + been +过去分词
一般将来时:will be +过去分词 Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever .
含情态动词的:情态动词+ be +过去分词 My homework can be finished in two hours .
3.被动语态常用于以下场合:
①不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。如:My bike was stolen yesterday .我的自行车昨天被偷了。
②强调动作的执行者时,使用“by +动作的执行者”。如:The pen was used by my father .这支钢笔是我父亲用过的。
※ 只有及物动词才有被动形式,不及物动词如rise / come / go / take / place / happen等,没有被动形式。
◆二 主动语态变被动语态的步骤
通常遵循以下三个步骤:
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