第一部分:基础知识

1.字母:26个字母的大小写

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

小学英语期末考试知识点大全

2.语音:元音的发音

5个元音字母:A E I O U

12个单元音:

  • 前元音:[i:] [ɪ] [e] [æ]

  • 中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]

  • 后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u:] [ʊ] [ʌ]

  • 双元音(8个)

  • 合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]

  • 集中双元音(3个) [iə] [εə] [uə]

3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词

4.句子:大小写,标点符号

第二部分:语法知识

一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格

(一)名词单复数

  • 一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

  • 以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

  • 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

  • 以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

  • 不规则名词复数:

  • man-men,

  • woman-women,

  • policeman-policemen,

  • policewoman-policewomen,

  • mouse-mice

  • child-children,

  • foot-feet,

  • tooth-teeth,

  • fish-fish,

  • people-people,

  • Chinese-Chinese,

  • Japanese-Japanese

  • 不可数名词的复数就是原型:

  • paper,juice, water, milk, rice, tea

(二)名词的格

  • (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:

  • a) 单数后加 's 如: Lucy's ruler, my father's shirt

  • b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’ 如: his friends' bags

  • c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加's children's shoes

  • 并列名词中,如果把 's加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:

  • Tom and Mike's car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车

  • 要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加's, 如:

  • Tom's and Mike's cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车

  • (2) 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系:

  • 如: a picture of the classroom a map of Chin

二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类

(1) 不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle

元音开头的可数名词前用an :

an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /

(2) 定冠词:the

the egg / the plane

2. 用法:

定冠词的用法:

  • 特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.

  • 复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

  • 谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren't at school.

  • 在序数词前: John's birthday is February the second.

  • 用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening

不用冠词的情况:

  • 专有名词前:China is a big country.

  • 名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:

  • This is my baseball.

  • 复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can't swim. They are teachers.

  • 在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It's Sunday.

  • 一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

  • 球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

  • * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.

  • 学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.

  • 在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.

  • 固定词组中:at noon at night by bu

三、代词、形容词、副词

代词:人称代词,物主代词

小学英语期末考试知识点大全

形容词,副词:比较级,最高级

(一)、形容词的比较级

1. 形容词比较级在句子中的运用:

两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。

2. 形容词加er的规则:

  • 一般在词尾加er ;

  • 以字母e 结尾,加r ;

  • 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;

  • 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。

3. 不规则形容词比较级:

good-better,

beautiful-more beautiful

(二)副词的比较级

1. 形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)

  • ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后

  • ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后

2. 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)

四、数词:序数词、基数词

(1) 1-20

one,two,three,our,five, six, seven, eight,

nine,ten,eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen,

fifteen,sixteen,seventeen, eighteen,

nineteen, twenty

(2) 21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。

23→twenty-three,

34→thirty-four,

45→forty—five,

56→fifty-six,

67→sixty-seven,

78→seventy-eight,

89→eighty-nine,

91→ninety-one

(3) 101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;

586→five hundred and eighty-six,

803→eight hundred and three

(4) 1,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand. 第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion

1,001→ one thousand and one

18,423→ eighteen thousand four hundred and twenty-three

6,260,309→ six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

750,000,000,000→ seven hundred and fifty bilion

 序数词

(1) 一般在基数词后加 th

eg. four→fourth, thirteen→thirteenth

(2) 不规则变化

one→first,

two→second,

three→third,

five→fifth,

eight→eighth,

nine→ninth,

twelve—twelfth

(3) 以 y 结尾的十位整数,变 y 为 ie 再加 th

twenty→twentieth,

forty→fortieth,

ninety→ninetieth

(4) 从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。

twenty-first,

two hundred and forty-fifth

基数词

基数词转为序数词的口诀:

基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.

一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母 t, d, d.

八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替。

ty 将 y变成 i,th 前面有个 e.

若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。

第二部分:语法知识

五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等

1. at 表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。

at 1:00 (dawn,midnight , noon) 在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)

2.on

1) 表示具体日期。

注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:

  • at (on) the weekend在周末---特指

  • at (on) weekends在周末---泛指

  • over the weekend在整个周末

  • during the weekend在周末期间

  • (2)在圣诞节,应说 at Christmas? 而不说 on Christmas?

2) 在(刚……)的时候

On reaching the city he called up his parents.

一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。

3.in

1) 表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和 during 互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。

in (during) 1988 (December, the 20th century) 在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)

第二部分:语法知识

六、动词:动词的四种时态

(1) 一般现在时:

一般现在时的构成

  • 1. be动词:主语+be (am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。

  • 2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。

动词+s的变化规则

  • 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

  • 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

  • 3.以“辅音字母+y 结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

(2) 一般过去时:

动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:

A、规则动词

  • ① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

  • ② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

  • ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed (此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加 y ,所以不属于此类)

  • ④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,

see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

(3) 一般将来时:

基本结构:

  • ①be going to + do;

  • ②will+ do. be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

(4) 现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词

动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:

  • ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

  • ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing

  • ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

第三部分:句法

1.陈述句

(1) 肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:

  • I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

  • There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

(2) 否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:

  • I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.

  • He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.

  • He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.

2. 疑问句

一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes",或“no”来回答。

特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词 (what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等) 开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes /no”来回答。

3.There be句型

There be 句型与have, has的区别

  • 1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)

  • 2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。

  • 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。

  • 4、there be 句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人); have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

  • 5、some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。

  • 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。

  • 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:

  • How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?

  • How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?

  • 8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:

  • What's + 介词短语?

小学英语期末考试知识点大全