大家对他们的意思应该很熟悉了,都表示除......外,但用起来却需要注意。

1.我们先来看看besides, but, except这三个介词,besides 表示一种累加关系,意思是"除了什么之外,还有......",而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有…”如:

Besides his wife, his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他。

Nobody went to see him except (but) his wife. 除了他妻子外,没有一个人看过他。(即只有他妻子看过他)

但是,在否定句中,besides 也表示“除…外不再有… ”,与but, except 同义:

No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。

2. 关于 but 与 except

两者都可表示“除…外不再有…”,但含义上略有差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分:

All are here but one. 除一个人外大家都到了。

All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。

另外,在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后:

① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等

② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等

③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等

④ all, none 等

也就是说如果没有上述词出现,就不宜使用介词but,而 except就没有以上限制。如:

Everyone knows it but (except) you. 除你之外大家都知道。(因为句中有everyone,所以两者都可以用)

The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。(因句中没有提到上述词,故不宜用but)

3. 关于 except 与 except for

except 主要用来谈论同类的东西,而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,有时含有惋惜之意:

All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外,其他的作文都写得很好。(except 前后都是谈论的作文)

His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。(except for前面谈论的作文,后面谈论的拼写)

另外:except for可以用于句首 (但 except 通常不用于句首,另外but也不能用于句首):

Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外,大家都通过了考试。

4.except后面可以跟that ,what ,when 等引导的从句

I would lend you the money except that I don’t have any. 我是肯借给你钱的,只是我没有钱。

There is little known about the matter except what has been reported. 除了报道的之外,大家对这事知道的很少。

He’s good-looking except when he smiles. 他长得不错,可一笑就不好看了。