中考英语专题复习之完形填空
明确中考考点
中考中对完形填空的考查主要集中在：
1. 考查词汇的辨析能力
2. 在理解篇章的基础上考查灵活运用词汇、语法以及语篇知识的能力
3. 考查语言逻辑思维能力和分析判断能力
中考中完形填空的篇幅和大体分值：1篇 10－15分
名师点拨
一、知识精讲
（一）完形填空考查什么？
完形填空考查的是综合运用语言知识的能力。它不仅考查英语知识，还考查快速阅读能力，阅读理解能力，逻辑判断能力。在理解整篇文章的基础上考查灵活运用词汇、语法以及语篇知识的能力，同时考查考生的语言逻辑思维能力和分析判断能力。是对综合能力的考查。
（二）中考中完形填空材料的选取
1. 完形填空题的体裁多为记叙文。
2. 所选的文章一般是200词左右的短文，语言地道，简练生动流畅易懂，情节曲折但表述清楚，夹叙夹议，寓意深刻；如为记叙文，多侧重描述故事情节变化或心理变化的过程。
【中考链接】
Once there was a clever farmer. Though he was poor，he decided one day to take the king a roast goose（烤鹅）as a present. He had not had 1 to eat that day, and soon the 2 of the roast goose became too much for him as（当……时）he carried it to the king, so he ate one of its legs. When he came before the king and gave him the goose, the king 3saw that it had only one leg. Now the king himself was born with one bad leg, so he had never been able to 4properly. When he saw the goose with only one leg, he thought the farmer had 5 this to laugh at him. Of course he was very angry. The farmer was told that if anybody laughed at the king，he would be killed at once. “Where is 6 leg of the goose?" the king asked, "All the geese（goose 的复数）in this 7of the country have one leg only," the farmer answered. "Do you think I'm a fool（傻子）? "the king shouted, "Certainly not," said the farmer," if you look out of the window, you will see geese with one leg by the lake." The king looked, and there the geese were resting on one leg beside the water. The king at once told one of his men to hit them with a big stick, and of course, they 8their other legs and ran away. “There,” said the king. "You were lying. That 9 that the geese here have two legs, like all other geese in the country", "But it doesn't show anything," answered the farmer," if your men threw a big stick like that at me, I would grow two 10 legs myself to help me to run away faster."
1. A. lessB. allC. littleD. much
2. A. headB. neckC. smellD. temperature
3. A. at onceB. at last C. by then D. on time
4. A. comeB. walk C. seeD. eat
5. A. keptB. done C. madeD. found
6. A. otherB. another C. thatD. the other
7. A. cityB. villageC. farmD. part
8. A. sent upB. put down C. did withD. moved away
9. A. showsB. talksC. seesD. knows
10. A. slowerB. fasterC. lessD. more
答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. D 8.B 9. A 10. D
思路分析：
第1题much作代词代指不可数名词food。再根据上下文的意思可排除A、B、C项。
第2题要知道 smell 可以作系动词，但也可以作名词。
第3题考查多个短语的辨析：at once 立刻， at last 最终， by then 到那时为止，on time 准时。所以应为at once。
第4题选walk，从上下句可以看出，是因为没了一条腿，所以他不能正常行走。
第5题要熟悉英语的习惯用法，即“干”这件事要用do，而不用make。
第6题之所以要选D是因为鹅有两只腿，由于烤鹅只剩一只腿了，故国王问另一只哪里去了。the other表“两者中的另一个”。
第7题part可指（世界、国家或城镇等的）区域、地区，故选D。
第8题选put down，当鹅要跑的时候，它会放下另一只脚，并且马上跑。
第9题通过上边的事情“表明”，故选择shows。
第10题则要通读全文才知道鹅是以一只腿站立休息的，而一旦被哄赶则放下另一只脚逃走，而人一旦被哄赶，逃跑时会渴望多长两条腿逃得更快。
（三）完形填空主要考查以下三方面：
1. 词汇意义：主要考查在整体理解文意的基础上对词义的判定。考查特点是：各选项孤立地放在句中，句子在语法上均成立，多数情况下意义也成立，我们必须从整体出发，通过上下文来猜测，推断。
【状元典例】
It took Charlie several months to save up seven dollars. He wanted to ______ a model plane and went to the shop with the money.
A. sell B. buy C. hold D. bring
答案：B
思路分析：考查动词辨析，从上句的意思我们看出Charlie是在攒钱，而后面又提到拿着钱去商店，由此我们可以猜出是买模型飞机，故选B项。
2. 语法：孤立地考查语法知识的选项很少；但每个选项中的词或词组都以一定的语法形式在句中出现，因此有些选项既考词义、语法，又考句法，某些选项甚至语义辨析与语法结构一起考查。
【状元典例1】
Ｍr Evans is an old man of about sixty. His wife died a few years ago. His children ______ him by then．
A. left B. would leave C. have left D. had left
答案：D
思路分析：各选项都有"离开"之意，但仔细看题干发现有by then作动作的截止时间，故应选had left，为过去完成时。
【状元典例2】
One night the dog began to bark suddenly. It made Mr Erens 1 to sleep. He had to get up and tried his 2to stop it, but the beast wouldn't stop, and kept on3.
1. A. go noB. not go C. not to goD. to not go
2. A. wellB. good C. betterD. best
3. A. barkB. to bark C. barkingD. barked
答案：1. B 2. D 3. C
思路分析：以上3个小题中所给的答案从语意上来看都是正确的，这就要求选择语法正确的那一个。第一个空根据句子结构，要填一个宾语补足语。而动词make后面的定语补足语应省去不定式符号to，且其否定式为not to do，而省去to后应为not do，故应选B。而第二个空显然是一个固定搭配。语意为：Mr Erens“尽力”地阻止狗叫，所以应选D。try one's best表“尽力而为”。第三个空显然是keep on doing something“连续不断干某事”之意，应选动词的ing形式，其答案为C。
3. 上下文理解：文章的文理脉络和特定的上下文对词与词，句与句之间的逻辑关系都有客观的限定性，因此“完形填空”也特别注意从上下文理解的角度进行考查，这主要体现在两个方面：上下文暗示和上下文限定。
【状元典例1】
A man and his wife had a small bar near a station. They often worked late into the night 1 people came to drink there while they were 2 trains. At two o'clock one morning, one man was still at a table in the small bar. He was asleep. The bar man's wife wanted to leave. She looked 3 the bar several times, and each time the man was 4 there. Then at last she went to her husband and said to him, “You 5 that man six times, George, 6he isn't drinking anything.”
1. A. as soon as B. because C. so D. though
2. A. catching up with B. getting on C. looking after D. waiting for
3. A. at B. for C. intoD. out of
4. A. alwaysB. often C. stillD. already
5. A. have wokenB. wake C. had wokenD. will wake
6. A. and B. butC. yet D. too
答案：1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. B
思路分析：第一题由于给了不同的连词，根据句意可知应选B。第二题的选项均为分词形式，也应从语意上选择，其答案是D。第三题给了四个介词，而 into 则是从外向里观看，所以应选C。第四题给的是副词，still意为“仍然”，从语意上应选择C。而第五题所给的是同一个动词，只是时态不同。从故事情景看，只能选表完成时态的A。而最后一题给的是连词，由句意可知只能用but（转折连词）。
【状元典例2】
We were going to play against a team from a country school. They didn't come until the game time arrived. They looked 1 than we had thought. They were wearing dirty blue jeans（牛仔裤）and looked like farm boys. We even thought that they had never seen a basketball before. We all sat down. We felt that we didn't 2 any practice against a team like that. It was already so late that no 3 could be given to them for a warm up. The game began. One of our boys 4 the ball and he shot a long pass to our forward（前锋）. From out of nowhere a boy in a dirty T-shirt 5 the pass and with a beautiful form（姿势）he shot and got two points.
They 6 us. Then they got another 7 of points in a minute. Soon it was all over. The country team 8 us. We certainly learned that even though a team is good, there is usually another 9 a little better. But the important lesson I learned was: One can't tell a man, or a team, by the 10.
1. A strongerB. younger C. worseD. less
2. A. getB. tryC. useD. need
3. A. basketB. spaceC. ballD. time
4. A. gotB. played C. missed D. carried
5. A. caughtB. changed C. started D. stopped
6. A. surprised B. keptC. brokeD. hit
7. A. halfB. pairC. groupD. double
8. A. wonB. savedC. beatD. joined
9. A. justB. already C. about D. almost
10. A. T-shirtsB. clothesC. placesD. points
答案：1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B
思路分析：
第1题中stronger, younger, worse和less 四个选项其语法都是正确的。由前文看不出这里为什么要选择C，这时只能跳过这一空继续看下文，在此提醒考生注意千万不要逐一对完形填空作出选择，有很多情况是后面的情景决定了前面的选择。当看到We even thought that they had never seen a basketball before. 和We felt that we didn't 2 any practice against a team like that. 时就能肯定填入第一个空的选项决不是比我们“强壮”，也不可能是“少”，更不可能是“年轻”，而是球技“不佳”，比我们差得远。而第5题需仔细考虑才能得到正确的结论。这四个动词都可以用在篮球运动中，但要注意的是，其后面的名词是pass，在这里应译为"传"。而这个长传在这里决不是开始，而是被“截住”了。所以这里应用stopped。即"拦截了一个长传"。如选caught，则其后的宾语应换为ball（球）。B 选项意为"改变"，用在这里不合题意。第7题，虽然很多人都知道篮球规则，投一球按两分计算，但这里应选哪个词则拿不准了，主要是在B选项与D选项之间发生了问题。不知double的真实意义是"加倍，翻一番"之意，还是"一对，一双，两倍"之意。第9题，其正确选项应为A. just，这是由全文决定的。它的意思是不论一个队多么好，总会有另一个队会比它强出一点儿，哪怕仅仅是一点点。这也就是完形填空不易拿满分之处。这里要提醒大家的是：语言是十分灵活的，要不断地学习思考才会有所进步。
（四）完形填空策略
1. 要坚持语意第一的原则，语法应放于第二位
2. 要认真注意细节，特别是环境和心理的描写
3. 根据所给答案中的不同词类，从不同角度分别考虑选择
4. 语境的融入，不要加入个人的感情色彩
5. 文章的整体理解，上下文和上下句的理解
【状元典例】
A polite refuse
Mr. and Mrs. King have lived in our town for nearly twenty years. They have a bookshop by the bus station. They’re _1_ to everybody and have a lot of friends. They often _2_ the poor students and sell them some books cheaply. So there’re many young men in their shop. Of course people _3_ them and their friends often call on（拜访）them and talk with them. We can always hear their rooms are full of _4_ and quarrel.
It was a Friday evening. Mr. and Mrs. King were going to have a picnic on the island the next morning. It was a little far from our town. So they had to _5_ earlier than usual to catch a six o’clock train. After _6_ a few friends came to see them while they were cooking some food and drinks for the picnic. Mr. King and his wife had to stop _7_ them. They talked a lot and few of them looked at the _8_ on the wall. Mr. and Mrs. King were anxious（焦虑）but they couldn’t tell the visitors about it. The woman thought for a few _9_ and had an idea. She said to her _10_, “Oh, it’s eleven o’clock! You’d better stop talking, dear! Our guests are anxious to go home!”
Mr. King heard this and stood up and said sorry to the visitors and they left soon.
1. A. hardB. politeC. cold D. careful
2. A. helpB. hurtC. hitD. watch
3. A. knowB. understandC. meetD. like
4. A. cryB. shout C. noiseD. laugh
5. A. go to workB. get upC. go to sleepD. open the shop
6. A. breakfastB. lunchC. supperD. meal
7. A. receiveB. to receiveC. receivingD. to accept
8. A. phoneB. photoC. clockD. picture
9. A. minutesB. daysC. weeksD. months
10. A. visitorB. husbandC. brotherD. father
答案：1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B
思路分析：
1. 主要考查上下文语意。根据下文have a lot of friends可以推断出Mr. and Mrs. King待人“礼貌”，友好，故选B。
2. 主要考查上下文推理。根据下文…and sell them some books cheaply. So there’re many young men in their shop. 可以推断：他们“帮助”穷困的学生，故选A。
3. 主要考查上下文推理。根据上文得知，别人都很“喜欢”他们，故选D。
4. 主要考查上下文推理。他们的家里总是充满了“欢笑”，故选D。
5. 主要考查语意。为了赶早班车他们不得不“早起”，故选B。
6. 主要考查上下文推理。根据上文：It was a Friday evening. 这是一个星期五的晚上，故是“晚饭”后，故选C。
7. 主要考查动词短语搭配。停下（手中的事）去做某事，用stop to do sth.，另外，receive sb. 表示接待某人，故选B。
8. 主要考查上下文推理。他们聊得很尽兴，以至于忘了时间，也就是忘了看墙上的“钟”，故选C。
9. 主要考查语意。这里指很短的时间，故选A。
10. 主要考查语意。根据下文：You’d better stop talking, dear! Our guests are anxious to go home! 可以判断是对她“丈夫”说，故选B。
二、状元笔记
如何才能做好完形填空
第1步：纵观全文，把握大意。
第2步：阅读思酌，精选试填。
第3步：重读全文，校对答案。
【状元典例】
（一）
The power of music
Everyone has his own dream, so does Mike.
Mike likes music very much. His _1_ is good and he sings very well. When he was very young, he wanted to be a great _2_. But now he is a doctor. He works in a big hospital. He has to _3_ the patients（病人）carefully every day. He often plays light music when he is _4_. He finds lots of patients are _5_ when they hear the beautiful music. So he puts a _6_ in the waiting room and plays the music _7_ his patients every day. All his _8_ think Mike is a good doctor. Tonight, there is a/an _9_ in his city. He likes the pop music very much. Can he go to the concert? _10_ not. He has to work in the hospital.
1. A. voice
B. sound
C. sight
D. hearing
2. A. scientist
B. pilot
C. musician
D. astronaut
3. A. look at
B. look out
C. look over
D. look for
4. A. sleeping
B. working
C. speaking
D. talking
5. A. nervous
B. sad
C. sleepy
D. happy
6. A. computer
B. television
C. CD player
D. radio
7. A. beside
B. for
C. near
D. by
8. A. friends
B. families
C. patients
D. workmates
9. A. movie
B. concert
C. opera
D. cartoon
10. A. Of course
B. Sure
C. Had better
D. Maybe
答案：1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7.B 8.C 9. B 10. A
思路分析：
1. 主要考查语意。根据上下文得知，他喜欢音乐，因此他的声音很好，形容人的声音应该用voice，故选A。
2. 主要考查上下文的推理。上文提到他喜欢音乐，因此他想成为一名音乐家，故选C。
3. 主要考查词组辨析。医生仔细检查病人应该用look over，故选C。
4. 主要考查上下文的推理。下文提到很多病人听到美妙的音乐时都会很高兴，故此处应该是他在工作时放音乐，故选B。
5. 主要考查形容词词义辨析。由于这位医生让病人听beautiful music, 病人会感到happy，故选D。
6. 主要考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，医生是用CD player播放音乐的，故选C。
7. 主要考查介词。为病人播放音乐用介词for，故选B。
8. 主要考查上下文理解。 本文主要讲医生与“病人”的故事，此处应填patients，故选C。
9. 主要考查上下文理解。由于下文提到他很喜欢音乐，故此处要表达有一场音乐会，故选B。
10. 主要考查语意理解。“当然”不能，用of course not表示，故选A。
（二）
Friendship
Friendship is one of the greatest pleasures that people can enjoy. It is very _1_ to explain what friendship is. A true friend can _2_ find pleasure in our joy and share sorrow in our grief（忧伤）. He or she is always at our side to _3_ us his or her help and comfort（安慰）.
Knowing _4_ valuable friendship is, we should be very _5_ when making friends. A good friend should have a good character; his or her activities should be _6_ and he or she should always show kindness.
If you have a good friend, don’t _7_ him or her and always trust, love and respect him or her. Friends should help _8_ when they are in trouble, and cheer each other up when they are _9_ . The most important thing is that friendships always _10_ each other.
1. A. easy B. difficult C. exciting D. boring
2. A. true B. truly C. real D. really
3. A. take B. have C. give D. hold
4. A. how B. what C. where D. why
5. A. careful B. carefully C. careless D. carelessly
6. A. bad B. nice C. good D. awful
7. A. remember B. mind C. care D. forget
8. A. another B. each other C. the other D. others
9. A. sad B. happy C. relaxed D. busy
10. A. hear B. understand C. see D. know
答案：1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B
思路分析：
1. 主要考查语意。这句话的意思是：我们很“难”解释友谊是什么，故选B。
2. 主要考查近义词的辨析。can后面有动词find，因此这里需用一个副词来修饰行为动词，really强调真实地，而truly强调真实意义上地，确确实实地，故选B。
3. 主要考查动词的选用。根据句意：他（她）会站在我们这边“给予”我们他（她）的帮助和安慰，故选C。
4. 主要考查特殊疑问词辨析。how valuable friendship is是一个感叹句，故选A。
5. 主要考查形容词和副词的区别。be careful构成系表结构，故选A。
6. 主要考查形容词的辨析。这里是说他（她）的行为应该是“好的”，故选C。
7. 主要考查动词的选用。forget忘记，忽略，故选D。
8. 主要考查近义词的辨析。help each other互相帮助，故选B。
9. 主要考查句意的理解。cheer up使人振奋，因此可以推断出此处是说当他们“悲伤”时要帮助他们振奋起来，故选A。
10. 主要考查动词的辨析。understand懂得，理解，故选B。
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