中考英语完型填空逻辑词及解题技巧讲解

中考英语完型填空逻辑词及解题技巧讲解

【知识梳理】完形填空之逻辑衔接词

对逻辑衔接词的考查是中考完形填空的重中之重，常以连词和副词的形式考查，对理解整个篇章起着极为重要的作用。解这类题目的技巧主要是看上下文的逻辑关系，找到一些关键词或短语作为提示信息。以下以近几年的中考完形填空题为例子进行说明，看看你能否抓到关键词，就像抓娃娃游戏一样，记得技巧。

一、专题精讲

例文1：

Fires can be dangerous for animals. Even when animals continue to live after forest fires, they can go hungry their food has been damaged in the fire.

A) because B) although C) but D)so

批注：本段的中心句是第一句“火对动物来说是危险的”。根据文中的提示信息“they can go hungry”，可以退出

原因是食物在火中被毁坏了。因此本题答案是A，前后是因果关系。

例文2：

Many people think accidents often happen in busy roads in large cities, but this is not always true. , Tokyo is one of the world's largest cities and probably one of the busiest cities, however, there are few accidents to pedestrians.

A) In addition B) For example C) By the way D) On the other hand

批注：如果我们研究本语段的逻辑关系，会发现第一句是主旨句“人们认为交通事故常发生在大城市的繁忙罗

缎，其实不总是这样的”，紧接着，下面给出了东京交通状况的例子，证明作者自己的观点。因此本题的

答案是B。

例文3：

You might not want to eat, but think of from the parents’ point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring it can get? Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. _____ __, your parents will probably worried that you aren’t eating enough.

A)In addition B)In return C)At most D)At last

批注：根据题目的提示信息“Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry.”可以看出孩子

们说不饿的时候其实是伤害父母的感情的，后面的提到的“父母担心孩子吃的不够”也是出于对孩子的关

心，这两点都是孩子应该体谅父母感受的原因。因此，这二者是并列递进关系，选择A，其它几项均不符

合逻辑关系。

例文4：

We’ll send you an invitation in a few weeks but this is just to let you know ahead of time. Anyway, my parents want to celebrate the engagement（订婚）so they’re having a special lunch on Sunday 3rd May. We’re inviting relatives and close friends, _________ there’ll be about twenty people there. We’d love to see you! It’s at Martin’s Restaurant, near the train station.

A. or B. but C. so D. since

批注：根据空格前后信息“我们会邀请亲人和密友”和后面的“这将大约有20人”。二者之间没有选择关系，

也没有转折关系，因此A和B都是不正确的。又因D意思是“自从，因为”，放在这里意思不通。因此本

题答案是C，前后是因果关系。

二、专题过关

（1）

The things that we will be able to do in the twenty-first century (since the year 2000) should help us live better lives , at home and at work, in our own country and around the world. Here are just some of them, put into five groups:

A. at the same time B. at a time C. in many ways D. in the end

批注：根据句子后面的关键信息“Here are just some of them, put into five groups:”我们可以看出后面是在举例

子，因此本题答案是C。

（2）

Once there was a grasshopper (蚱蜢) , who was the best hopper(跳跃者) in the world. She taught other grasshoppers how to hop. Soon all grasshoppers were hopping well, ___ she felt very proud.

A. but B. since C. because D. so

批注：这一小段逻辑关系比较明显，通过前面的信息“她教其它的蚱蜢如何跳跃，其它的蚱蜢就跳得好了”和后

面的“她感觉和自豪”，明显前后是因果关系，因此答案是D。

（3）

In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the procession. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted.

A. Even B. However C. In addition D. But

批注：通过空格前后提示信息“在去墓地的路上，乐队演奏慢拍和严肃的音乐”和后面“回来的路上情绪便了，

精神高涨”，可以看出前后是转折的关系，因此答案是B。

三、学法总结：

1). 仔细阅读文章，注意语境，避免惯性思维。

2). 逻辑衔接词是文章上下文的桥梁，抓住它们为我们找到正确答案会有很大的帮助。

知识点三 完形填空解题技巧

完形填空（Cloze test）是初中英语试题中必考题型。完形填空主要测试学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等。

（一）特点：

1．在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占10—15％，短文长度一般在130—200个单词左右。

2．降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。

3．针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事类、说明类短文，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。

（二）出题方式：

完形填空有多种形式，但它在基本设计原则上都是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去若干个词或短语，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词或短语，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答案（其中包括一个正确答案），让考生选出正确的答案；从所给的单词中，选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空；也可以给出单词首字母作提示将短文补全；也可以不给考生提供任何线索，完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力完成。最常见的还是选择型的完形填空。

抽词的办法可以是有针对性地抽取，也可以是随机地抽取。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能力的考查，而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。

完形填空要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系，选出适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。

完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。

最后须提醒大家一点，做好完形填空题并非一日之功。我们应从平日学习中做起，多积累，勤学苦练，方可成功！

中考英语短文填空高频词汇分类归纳

动词：（原形、三人单、现在分词、过去式、过去分词）

allow answer attract appear

bring become

call catch come collect close care complete clean change confuse choose complain cause

disappear deal / do decide discover

enjoy encourage exchange end

find follow fail fly finish fall feel

give

help hurry happen hide

is including(includes) invent improve

know

leave lock love / like learn look live lead lie lose

mean make

name need

offer open operate

prove（系动词） play protect plan pay produce

refuse relax read receive realize repair remember

spend stop shout sleep seem show spread sell suffer search save smell smile succeed

think try talk turn

used understand

work want write walk worry

形容词：（原形、比较级、最高级）

any angry another active asleep alone

beautiful best black blue broken better

close / closely certain common cheap confident cold careful crazy curious

daily different difficult

easy excited exciting enjoyable every empty enough each / every

free few first full

great good

heavy happy high hungry healthy

interested interesting important impossible

kind

less little long

more / most modern much

noisy natural necessary

own other

perfect prettier pleased possible popular public

right reasonable real rude recent

safe sorry same special small sick straight

tired traditional thick thankful top

useful

various

wrong wonderful wise warm worried worse

young

副词：

时间、地点；②方式（ly结尾）原形、比较级、最高级；③频度；④程度 ....）

according actually bravely completely carefully exactly especially easily

finally luckily probably properly quietly quickly

slowly seriously safely simply terribly together well hard

时间：soon, suddenly, late, ago

地点：here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, back, abroad, anywhere, outside, along, around

频度：always, often, usually, once, ever, never, sometimes, hardly, seldom, rarely

程度：still, rather, quite, very, much, too, almost, nearly, really, also, only, again

连接：Perhaps , instead, then

名词：（单数、复数）

address actress(actor) arrangement area attraction army（军队） arm

bus bedroom building

country culture class customers chance colour college

disease dream days difference

exercise experience example end

film future friendship flat

game grade

housework happiness hobbies home / house history hole hair hope

information idea

journey job

lesson list living life luck leg length

milk moment minute men money message

name number

popular part problems people / person performance

radio rest responsibility rule reason

summer story smile star saying surprise side skill

trouble thousand type

writer way word

year

代词：everything / nothing / anything one(s) other(s) either 反身代词 -self / -selves

介词：about above between besides except for from on over than with / without against

through by

连词：As After and before because but however until since unless whether though

so that what when / while

一、案例分析

A

Who designed (设计) the first helicopter (直升飞机)? Who __1__ of the most famous pictures in the world? Who knew more about the human body than most __2__? There is an answer __3__ all these questions --- Leonardo de Vinci (达芬奇).

Leonardo may have been the greatest genius (天才) __4__ have ever known. He lived in Italy around the year 1500, but many of his inventions seem modern to us today. For example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldn’t __5__ a helicopter with the things he had. But scientists say his idea would have worked.

But Leonardo __6__ an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, he was called a master ( 大师) painter, and as he got older he became __7__ more famous. Sometimes he drew a hand ten different ways __8__ he was ready to paint.

Many of Leonardo’s wonderful paintings are still with __9__ today. You may know one of his most famous works the __10__ woman known as the Mona Lisa.

1. A. tookB. madeC. paintedD. invented

2. A. artistsB. doctors C. painters D. people

3. A. toB. of C. for D. from

4. A. the scientistsB. the artistsC. the worldD. people

5. A. draw B. paint C. workD. build

6. A. was justB. wasn’t justC. wasn’tD. was no longer

7. A. less B. noC. even D. very

8. A. before B. afterC. because D. when

9. A. himB. usC. themD. you

10. A. interestingB. cryingC. smilingD. surprising

名师点评

本文介绍了堪称世界上最伟大的天才——达•芬奇在发明、艺术等方面为人类所作的巨大贡献，文章层次分明，通俗易懂。

答案简析

1．C。为了引出话题人物━━达•芬奇，这里引用了设问手法，问题应表示“是谁画了世界上最著名的画”，故选择动词painted。

2．B。对人体比较了解的莫过于医生了，将达•芬奇与医生相比才能显示其对人体的精通。故选择doctors。

3．A。介词to常表示一一对应的关系，“问题的答案”习惯表达为an answer to a question。

4．D。达•芬奇应是世人所知道的天才中最伟大的人，the world 一般指每个人，相当于第三人称单数，故people为正确选项。

5．D。draw和paint不合文意, work为不及物动词，不能直接接宾语。在那个时代，达•芬奇所不能做的应是制造飞机，故选择build。

6．B。这一句起承上启下的作用，意为“达•芬奇不仅仅是一名发明家”，故选择 wasn’t just。

7．C。less和no不合文章，very不能用来修饰比较级，而even常用来修饰比较级，意为“甚至更……”，故为正确选项。

8．A。为了使自己的画达到最高境界，应在画这幅画之前去尝试不同的画法，所以应选before。

9．B。达•芬奇的画今天依然保存在世，为本文作者以及读者所共享，所以应选us。

10．C。达•芬奇的名作━━Mona Lisa以画中人物面部神秘的微笑而名扬天下，故选smiling。

B

Why do I want to go to college? No one has ever asked me __1 _ a question. But many times I have asked myself. I have __2__ a whole variety of reasons. __3__ important reason is that I want to be a better man.

Many things make human beings different __4__ or better than or even superior to animals.

One of the most important things is __5__ . If I fail to receive higher education, my education __6__. As I want to be a fully __7__ man, I must get a well-rounded education, which good colleges and universities are supposed to __8__. I know one can get educated in many ways, but colleges and universities are __9__ the best places to teach me how to educate myself. Only when I am well-educated, will I be a better human being and __10__ fit into society.

1. A. quiteB. soC. suchD. another

2. A. come up withB. agreed withC. been fed up withD. got on well with

3. A. Most B. The mostC. MoreD. Much

4. A. toB. aroundC. betweenD. from

5. A. educationB. weatherC. temperatureD. science

6. A. finishedB. don’t finishC. will not finishD. has finished

7. A. developB. developedC. developingD. experience

8. A. improveB. graduateC. hearD. provide

9. A. betweenB. amongC. insideD. outside

10. A. can goodB. may betterC. be able to betterD. be able to best

名师点评

本文主要围绕“我为什么要上大学？”这一话题展开讨论，首先介绍了教育对人发展的重要性，然后说明大学在教育中的地位，从而层次分明地解释了上大学的原因。

答案简析

1. C。such常用在不定冠词或名词前修饰可数名词或不可数名词，表示“此类的”、“这种的”，故such为正确选项。

2. A。come up with意为“提出、找出”；agree with意为“同意”；be fed up with意为“对……厌倦”；get on well with意为“和……相处得好”。根据文意A为正确选项。

3. B。上文讲到我曾找到过各种各样的原因，其中最重要的原因应当是……，因此这里应用important的最高级，故选the most。

4. D。固定结构be different from 表示“不同于……”。

5. A。本段着重说明了教育在人的发展中的作用，以及大学在教育中的地位。作为总括句，本空应填education。

6. C。这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句，意为“如果我不能受到更高等的教育，我就无法完成我的学业”，故选will not finish为正确选择。

7. B。这里只能选可作定语的选项。过去分词developed表示“成熟的”，为正确选项。

8. D。大学应是提供高等教育的地方, provide符合文意为正确选项。

9. B。介词among可表示”包括……在内”为正确选项。

10. C。与前半句相对应，这里仍应用比较级，而may better意思不对，因此be able to better为正确选项。

二、强化练习

A.

Many people think that Americans 1 their cars almost more than anything else. When 2__ people are fourteen years old, they want to have their __3_ cars. They don’t ask for a car from their 4__. So many of them work in _5_ time during their last year of high school to buy a car. Learning to 6 _ and getting a driver’s license may be one of the most exciting things in a young person’s life.

Some people almost never go to a doctor when they are ill. But they will __7 their cars to a garage as soon as they think there is a problem. On Saturdays or Sundays some people may spend most of their time washing and repairing their cars.

1. A. preferB. loveC. driveD. play

2. A. littleB. big C. old D. young

3. A. newB. own C. expensive D. cheap

4. A, friendsB. teachers C. parents D. brothers

5. A. freeB. busyC. study D. good

6. A. makeB. mendC. wash D. drive

7.. A. takeB. carryC. pull D. lift

Keys: B.D.B. C.A.D.A

B

It’s 3:00 a.m. Angela is ready to start the day at the family bakery. She has three children, and they all __86__ at the bakery. Vincent and his wife, Angela, are the owners of his family’s bakery.

Vincent’s father owned the bakery, and __87__ Vincent’s grandfather owned the bakery. Now, Vincent and Angela own and run the bakery.

__88__ in the family works in the bakery. The oldest daughter, Claire, decorates many of the special cakes. Maria is the ___89___ child. She works at the counter, and sometimes she makes cookies. Paul, the youngest, is 14, and he makes bread. Vincent says, “Paul has good hands for bread.” The whole family works in the bakery, but the children only work there before or after school.

The bakery is open from 6:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. every day except Monday. The bakery sells cookies, cakes, and bread. For special holidays, ___90___ Easter and Christmas, Vincent keeps the bakery open __91__ 6:00 p.m., and Angela always prepares fresh coffee for their customers.

Mr Martino is a regular customer. He visits the bakery every morning. He always buys the round loaf of bread with no butter. He says that it’s good. Mrs Salerno is __92__a regular customer. Every Friday, she buys two loaves of Italian bread and a large box of cookies. Her sir-year-old daughter, Laura, always gets one free cookie. Mrs Salerno says that Vincent’s bakery is the best in the area.

86. A) play B) study C) help D) eat

87. A) at last B) later on C) since then D) before that

88. A) Everyone B) Someone C) No one D) Only one

89. A) first B) middle C) only D) last

90. A) for exampleB) such as C) as well as D) in addition

91. A) after B) before C) at D) until

92. A) just B) still C) also D) even

KEYS: CDABBDC

三、学法总结：

1. 固定搭配，往往要求学生在平时多积累，比如：in fact事实上，in a way在某种程度上，in English用英语说， in danger处于危险中等，此处的名词都可以跟in搭配，但是具体的意思不同，就要求学生平时多积累词组，除去这类固定搭配以外，还有可能会出现在语法题目中，如：one...the other表示一个...另一个，本身other一类的词学生很容易混淆，建议遇到这种类型的题目，告知学生把语法题目里的固定搭配也记牢；

2. 可以运用排除法把自己认识的单词跟文章的意思比对，然后进行排除；

3. 上下文的联系很重要，这也是能不能做对题目的关键之一。